{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:59:26Z","timestamp":1790830766755,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social media harassment is a sport-relevant digital stressor that may be associated with psychological distress among collegiate student-athletes. This study examined whether psychological resilience statistically accounted for part of this association and whether perceived social support showed both direct protective associations and a buffering role.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional multi-site convenience sample of 426 collegiate student-athletes from university sport programs in China, the Republic of Korea, and the United States completed measures of social media harassment, psychological resilience, perceived social support, and psychological distress. Analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, country and gender comparisons, hierarchical regression, bootstrap mediation, conditional process analysis, and robustness checks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The four-factor measurement model showed good fit and the focal scales showed acceptable reliability and convergent validity. Social media harassment was positively associated with psychological distress and negatively associated with psychological resilience. Perceived social support was associated with higher resilience, lower distress, and lower reported harassment. The indirect association through resilience was 0.133 (95% CI [0.088, 0.185]). Perceived social support moderated the harassment-resilience association (interaction = 0.12,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003). Conditional indirect associations decreased from 0.151 at low support to 0.067 at high support, with an index of moderated mediation of \u22120.042 (95% CI [\u22120.078, \u22120.012]). Country- and gender-based differences were small, and the focal pattern remained stable in sensitivity analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings support a conditional association model in which resilience is an explanatory psychological resource and perceived social support has complementary direct and buffering roles. Because the data are cross-sectional, the results should not be interpreted as evidence of temporal causality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1885803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:42:05Z","timestamp":1790829725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social media harassment and psychological distress among collegiate student-athletes: a moderated mediation model of psychological resilience and perceived social support"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Diyang","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Kookmin University, Seongbuk-gu","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Chizhou University, Chizhou","place":["Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caizhu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Anshan Normal University, Anshan","place":["Liaoning, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education, Kookmin University, Seongbuk-gu","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0000166","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000166","article-title":"The impact of cyberbullying on mental health outcomes amongst university students: a systematic review","volume":"1","author":"Arif","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Mental Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","article-title":"Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures","volume":"25","author":"Beaton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197609000-00003","article-title":"Social support as a moderator of life stress","volume":"38","author":"Cobb","year":"1976","journal-title":"Psychosom. 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