{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:46:50Z","timestamp":1785818810121,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parental playfulness is increasingly recognized as a positive relational resource supporting child development and buffering parental stress. The Parental Playfulness Questionnaire (PPQ) is the only brief self-report instrument tailored to this construct; however, it has not undergone formal cross-cultural psychometric revalidation outside its original language and cultural context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study evaluated the Russian adaptation of the PPQ and its association with parental stress in a sample of 889 parents of children aged 2\u20137 years. Random split-half exploratory (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 444) and confirmatory (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 445) subsamples were used to test the factor structure of the instrument.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The original five-factor structure did not replicate: four of five subscales showed unacceptable reliability. A systematic method effect emerged, associated with content-reversed items and likely amplified by the cultural endorsement of involved parenting as a normative imperative. After removing reverse-scored items and items lacking cultural equivalence, an 8-item unidimensional short form (PPQ-8) demonstrated good model fit (CFI = 0.976, RMSEA = 0.066, SRMR = 0.054) and acceptable internal consistency (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.784). The PPQ-8 was positively related to parental warmth and structure, and negatively to parental stress, supporting its external validity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considerable deviations between the final solution and the original five-factor structure suggest that the PPQ-8 may function more as a revised instrument than a mere abbreviation. The PPQ-8 offers an efficient measure of active parental playfulness and represents an important step toward a more comprehensive, culturally informed understanding of parent\u2013child relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1886533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:27:33Z","timestamp":1785817653000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validation of the Parental Playfulness Questionnaire in a Russian sample: development of a unidimensional 8-item short form (PPQ-8) and its association with parental stress"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Vera L.","family":"Sukhikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Scientific Centre for Psychological and Multidisciplinary Research","place":["Moscow, Russia"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology of Education and Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov State Moscow University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita N.","family":"Gavrilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Scientific Centre for Psychological and Multidisciplinary Research","place":["Moscow, Russia"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology of Education and Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov State Moscow University","place":["Moscow, Russia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326888chc1802_9","article-title":"Parenting stress and its relationship to child health care","volume":"18","author":"Abidin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Child. 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