{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:13:43Z","timestamp":1786115623916,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined adult attachment and perceived parental acceptance-rejection in Colombia and Spain, focusing on country differences and on whether country moderated the associations between perceived maternal and paternal rejection and adult attachment dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were 283 adults born in Colombia (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f143) or Spain (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f140). They completed the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised scale and the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire. Measurement invariance was supported across countries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Colombian participants reported higher attachment anxiety [\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      (276.46)\u202f=\u202f6.15,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.73], direct avoidance [\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      (279.28)\u202f=\u202f3.31,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.001,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.39], maternal rejection [\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      (255.47)\u202f=\u202f7.40,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.88], and paternal rejection [\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      (280.74)\u202f=\u202f5.45,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.65] than Spanish participants. Perceived parental rejection was associated with greater attachment insecurity, although the pattern differed across attachment dimensions with paternal rejection showing the most consistent associations. Country moderated the association between paternal rejection and attachment anxiety and direct avoidance. Slope contrasts indicated that these associations were stronger among Colombian than Spanish participants for attachment anxiety (\u0394\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.345,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.005, adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.010) and direct avoidance (\u0394\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.368,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.006, adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.012).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that the links between perceived parental rejection and adult attachment may vary across cultural contexts and highlight the importance of considering paternal relationships in cross-cultural attachment research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1887282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T04:25:20Z","timestamp":1785990320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adult attachment and acceptance-rejection in Colombia and Spain: maternal and paternal contributions across contexts"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Perzolli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bizzego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo Paolo","family":"Senese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Campania Vanvitelli","place":["Caserta, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Carcamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda y Humanidades, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Sede Valdivia","place":["Valdivia, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Angel-Echeverry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorado en Ciencias Humanas, Universidad de Talca","place":["Talca, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Iandolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Europea de Madrid","place":["Madrid, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1037\/h0099181","article-title":"Cultural variation in adult attachment: the impact of ethnicity, collectivism, and country of origin","volume":"7","author":"Agishtein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Soc. Evol. Cult. Psychol."},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation","author":"Ainsworth","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X94015002003","article-title":"Contact with nonresident parents, interparental conflict, and children\u2019s behavior","volume":"15","author":"Amato","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Fam. Issues"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1080\/15295192.2012.683359","article-title":"Cultural approaches to parenting","volume":"12","author":"Bornstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parenting"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429440847-1","volume-title":"Handbook of Parenting","author":"Bornstein","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment","author":"Bowlby","year":"1969"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Attachment and Loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and Anger","author":"Bowlby","year":"1973"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x","article-title":"Attachment and loss: retrospect and prospect","volume":"52","author":"Bowlby","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Attachment Theory and close Relationships","author":"Brennan","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Nebraska Symposium on Motivation","author":"Bretherton","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"7","article-title":"The relevance of cross-national studies on early attachment: research advances in Latin America","volume":"63","author":"Causadias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Dev."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12272","article-title":"Early attachment network with mother and father: an unsettled issue","volume":"12","author":"Dagan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Dev. Perspect."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.13120","article-title":"Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in Colombia","volume":"59","author":"Di Giunta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychol. J. Int. Psychol."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51027-5","volume-title":"Handbook of Fathers and child Development: Prenatal to Preschool","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022898","article-title":"The experiences in close relationships-relationship structures questionnaire: a method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships","volume":"23","author":"Fraley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.78.2.350","article-title":"An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment","volume":"78","author":"Fraley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X0999152X","article-title":"The weirdest people in the world?","volume":"33","author":"Henrich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications","author":"Howes","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022112472253","article-title":"Attachment and culture","volume":"44","author":"Keller","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cross-Cult. Psychol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1720325115","article-title":"Universality claim of attachment theory: children\u2019s socioemotional development across cultures","volume":"115","author":"Keller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.1961","article-title":"Maternal responsive-didactic caregiving in play interactions with 10-month-olds and cognitive development at 18\u202fmonths","volume":"25","author":"Mermelshtine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infant Child Dev."},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"852","volume-title":"Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications","author":"Mesman","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2005.00330.x","article-title":"Attachment security, compassion, and altruism","volume":"14","author":"Mikulincer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref26","volume-title":"Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and change","author":"Mikulincer","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wpsyc.2012.01.003","article-title":"An attachment perspective on psychopathology","volume":"11","author":"Mikulincer","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1086\/715440","article-title":"The influence of culture on Latino fathers\u2019 parenting styles","volume":"12","author":"Mogro-Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Soc. Soc. Work Res."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5354\/0719-0581.2018.52308","article-title":"Propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas de una versi\u00f3n en espa\u00f1ol del Experiences in Close Relationships\u2013Revised (ECR-R)","volume":"27","author":"N\u00f3blega","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revista de Psicolog\u00eda"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2020.1800769","article-title":"Early childhood attachment stability and change: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Opie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Attach Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2013.746257","article-title":"Meta-analytic evidence for stability in attachments from infancy to early adulthood","volume":"15","author":"Pinquart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Attach Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70068","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.70068","article-title":"Gendered attitudes and parenting practices of mothers and fathers in two culturally diverse Colombian cities","volume":"35","author":"Rey-Guerra","year":"2026","journal-title":"Infant Child Dev."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.8.830","article-title":"The parental \u201cacceptance-rejection syndrome\u201d: universal correlates of perceived rejection","volume":"59","author":"Rohner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5944\/ap.11.2.14172","article-title":"Teor\u00eda de la aceptaci\u00f3n-rechazo interpersonal (IPARTheory): Bases conceptuales, m\u00e9todo y evidencia emp\u00edrica","volume":"11","author":"Rohner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acci\u00f3n Psicol\u00f3gica"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Handbook for the Study of parental Acceptance and Rejection","author":"Rohner","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12219","article-title":"Deep structure of the human affectional system: introduction to interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory","volume":"9","author":"Rohner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Fam. Theory Rev."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.5.4.382","article-title":"The importance of father love: history and contemporary evidence","volume":"5","author":"Rohner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev. Gen. Psychol."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00572.x","article-title":"Fathers' involvement and children's developmental outcomes: a systematic review of longitudinal studies","volume":"97","author":"Sarkadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992)"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"6","article-title":"Propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas de la prueba de apego adulto \u201cExperiencias en relaciones cercanas-revisado\u201d (Experiences in Close Relationships\u2013Revised, ECR-R) en poblaci\u00f3n colombiana","volume":"5","author":"Zambrano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pensando Psicolog\u00eda"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1887282\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T04:25:23Z","timestamp":1785990323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1887282\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1887282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1887282","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"article-number":"1887282"}}