{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:01:35Z","timestamp":1790146895964,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined the association between distributed leadership and teachers\u2019 work engagement, with teacher subjective well-being specified as a mediator and perceived collective teacher efficacy as a moderator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drawing on the Job Demands\u2013Resources model and social cognitive theory, a moderated mediation model was tested using Bayesian structural equation modeling. Data were collected from 598 teachers working in 60 public schools in Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Distributed leadership was positively associated with teacher subjective well-being [\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.233, 95% BCI (0.077, 0.381)] and work engagement [\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.234, 95% BCI (0.135, 0.333)], while subjective well-being was positively associated with work engagement [\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.172, 95% BCI (0.112, 0.232)]. The indirect association through subjective well-being was supported [\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.039, 95% BCI (0.012, 0.074)]. Perceived collective teacher efficacy moderated the association between distributed leadership and subjective well-being [\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.099, 95% BCI (0.003, 0.192)]. The conditional indirect association was supported at the mean and higher levels of perceived collective teacher efficacy but not at lower levels, and the index of moderated mediation excluded zero [\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.019, 95% BCI (0.001, 0.043)]. These conclusions remained stable under alternative prior specifications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings indicate an indirect statistical association between distributed leadership and work engagement through teacher subjective well-being, which varied according to perceived collective teacher efficacy. Given the cross-sectional, self-report design, this mediation represents a statistical decomposition of covariance rather than evidence of a causal mechanism or temporal sequence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1887759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:18:38Z","timestamp":1790144318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distributed leadership and teachers\u2019 work engagement: subjective well-being as a mediator and perceived collective teacher efficacy as a moderator"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"M\u00fcslim","family":"Alano\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Firat University","place":["Elazig, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebin Salih","family":"Khudhur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Firat University","place":["Elazig, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z\u00fclf\u00fc","family":"Demirta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Firat University","place":["Elazig, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alper","family":"Uslukaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Van Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi","place":["Van, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.71207\/ijas.v22i87.5695","article-title":"The role of transformational leadership in strategic containment: an analytical study of the views of academic and administrative leaders in private universities in the Kurdistan region of Iraq","volume":"22","author":"Abdullah Kakahmed","year":"2026","journal-title":"Iraqi J. 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