{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:52:06Z","timestamp":1786121526596,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010226","name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024WTSCX100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024WTSCX100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010226","name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22JJD190008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22JJD190008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017630","name":"Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation, Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017630","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The concurrent increase in \u201chollowed-heart\u201d syndrome (which describes a state of purposelessness) and involution anxiety severely impairs the psychological development of contemporary Chinese undergraduates. From a de-involution perspective, this study aimed to examine the relationship between sense of purpose and perceived involution, and to explore the mediating role of actual-ideal self-discrepancy and the moderating effect of future time perspective in this association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 747 Chinese undergraduates completed online and offline questionnaires measuring the four core psychological variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      (1) Sense of purpose exerted a significant negative direct effect (\u03b2 = \u22120.27,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001) on perceived involution; (2) Actual-ideal self-discrepancy partially mediated this negative relationship (indirect effect = \u22120.06, SE = 0.01, 95% CI [\u22120.08, \u22120.03]); (3) Future time perspective moderated the first-stage path of the indirect effect. Simple slope analyses showed that the sense of purpose\u2013perceived involution association was significant at a low (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2212 1\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) level of future time perspective (simple slope: \u03b2 = \u22120.24,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001), but was not significant at a high (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      + 1\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) level of future time perspective (simple slope: \u03b2 = \u22120.02,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;gt; 0.05), such that the mediating role of actual-ideal self-discrepancy was weaker among individuals with a higher future time perspective.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A stronger sense of purpose mitigates undergraduates\u2019 perceived involution by reducing actual\u2013ideal self-discrepancy. Cultivating life purpose and future-oriented cognition may help alleviate undergraduates\u2019 involution anxiety. Based on self-discrepancy theory and socioemotional selectivity theory, these findings clarify the underlying mechanism of the involution perception and have practical implications for college mental health education and targeted stress interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1891243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T05:28:18Z","timestamp":1786080498000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sense of purpose and perception of involution (Nei Juan): the role of actual-ideal self-discrepancy and future time perspective"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Digital Economics and Trade, Guangzhou Maritime University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Wuzhou University","place":["Wuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaoying","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Digital Economics and Trade, Guangzhou Maritime University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University","place":["Guangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.11.011","article-title":"Self-schema and self-discrepancy mediate the influence of Instagram usage on body image satisfaction among youth.","volume":"68","author":"Ahadzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. 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