{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:05:56Z","timestamp":1784696756258,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Athletic performance in professional roller hockey is influenced not only by physical, technical, and tactical factors, but also by psychological resources that help athletes regulate pressure, sustain recovery, and enter optimal performance states. This study examined sport calling as a relatively stable psychological resource for understanding performance under pressure in professional roller hockey. Drawing on a demands\u2013resources perspective applied to sport, we tested whether baseline sport calling was associated with competitive performance directly and indirectly through perceived well-being\/recovery, pre-competitive psychological states, and flow.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A longitudinal field design with repeated measures was conducted during a four-day knockout tournament involving 80 male professional roller hockey players.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Linear mixed models indicated that baseline sport calling was positively associated with competitive performance, flow, and self-confidence, and negatively associated with poorer perceived recovery, cognitive anxiety, and somatic anxiety across the tournament. Exploratory time-specific mediation analyses further suggested that the association between sport calling and performance was consistent with an indirect pathway involving perceived recovery, self-confidence, and flow at the first and second competitive stages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that sport calling may be understood as a motivational and identity-based resource associated with more adaptive psychological functioning and competitive performance under pressure. The study contributes to sport psychology by positioning calling as a promising construct for understanding performance, recovery, and optimal experience in elite sport contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1894992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:45:43Z","timestamp":1784695543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Purpose under pressure: how calling, recovery, emotional regulation and flow shape elite athletic performance"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Liliana","family":"Pitacho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Ci\u00eancias Empresariais (ESCE), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal (IPS)","place":["Set\u00fabal, Portugal"]},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Qualidade de Vida \u2013 CIEQV","place":["Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Ci\u00eancias Empresariais (ESCE), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal (IPS)","place":["Set\u00fabal, Portugal"]},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Qualidade de Vida \u2013 CIEQV","place":["Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2008.10.005","article-title":"The longitudinal impact of self-efficacy and career goals on objective and subjective career success","volume":"74","author":"Abele","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vocat. Behav."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831508","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.831508","article-title":"Achieving flow: an exploratory investigation of elite college athletes and musicians","volume":"13","author":"Antonini Philippe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1108\/02683940710733115","article-title":"The job demands\u2013resources model: state of the art","volume":"22","author":"Bakker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Manager. Psychol."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/apps.12188","article-title":"What a match!\u2019: The specific role of resources in the relation between demands and vigour in elite sport","volume":"69","author":"Balk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control","author":"Bandura","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.142","article-title":"Conceptualizing and testing random indirect effects and moderated mediation in multilevel models: new procedures and recommendations","volume":"11","author":"Bauer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138638","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1138638","article-title":"Editorial: I got flow! The flow state in music and artistic sport contexts","volume":"14","author":"Biasutti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963711","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.963711","article-title":"Emotions and ensuing motor performance are altered by regulating breathing frequency: implications for emotion regulation and sport performance","volume":"13","author":"Buchanan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2020.0841","article-title":"How work orientation impacts objective career outcomes via managerial (mis)perceptions","volume":"65","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-0258(19971030)16:20<>3.0.co;2-e","article-title":"Using the general linear mixed model to analyse unbalanced repeated measures and longitudinal data","volume":"16","author":"Cnaan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.25.1.44","article-title":"The relationship between the competitive state anxiety inventory-2 and sport performance: a meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Craft","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience","author":"Csikszentmihalyi","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.2011.01234.x","article-title":"Calling: the development of a scale measure","volume":"64","author":"Dobrow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers. Psychol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1177\/00018392231159641","article-title":"Calling and the good life: a meta-analysis and theoretical extension","volume":"68","author":"Dobrow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adm. Sci. Q."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/sports12010020","article-title":"Analysis of the sports psychological profile, competitive anxiety, self-confidence and flow state in young football players","volume":"12","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000042","article-title":"Living a calling and work well-being: a longitudinal study","volume":"61","author":"Duffy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Couns. Psychol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2016.11.003","article-title":"Perceiving a calling and well-being: motivation and access to opportunity as moderators","volume":"98","author":"Duffy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vocat. Behav."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000276","article-title":"Work as a calling: a theoretical model","volume":"65","author":"Duffy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Couns. Psychol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207623","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1207623","article-title":"Editorial: emotions and sport performance","volume":"14","author":"Gershgoren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100671","article-title":"Occurrence of mental health symptoms and disorders in current and former elite athletes: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Gouttebarge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.3.310","article-title":"Move over ANOVA: progress in analyzing repeated-measures data and its reflection in papers published in the archives of general psychiatry","volume":"61","author":"Gueorguieva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach","author":"Hayes","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2019.1570473","article-title":"Consensus statement on improving the mental health of high performance athletes","volume":"18","author":"Henriksen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784085","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1784085","article-title":"Differential motivational pathways to flow experience in competitive sailing","volume":"17","author":"Hsu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.18.1.17","article-title":"Development and validation of a scale to measure optimal experience: the flow state scale","volume":"18","author":"Jackson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2013.38.1.52","article-title":"Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing Normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2012.746731","article-title":"Effects of confidence and anxiety on flow state in competition","volume":"13","author":"Koehn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2019.1689574","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for mental health in elite athletes: a scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Kuettel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755167","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1755167","article-title":"Self-confidence and perceived fatigue as predictors of performance satisfaction in trained swimmers","volume":"17","author":"L\u00f3pez-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Competitive Anxiety in Sport","author":"Martens","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694537","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.694537","article-title":"Variations in elite female soccer players\u2019 sleep, and associations with perceived fatigue and soccer games","volume":"3","author":"Moen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210x.2012.00261.x","article-title":"A general and simple method for obtaining R2 from generalized linear mixed-effects models","volume":"4","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.2005.00515.x","article-title":"Predictors of objective and subjective career success: a meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Ng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pers. Psychol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436321","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1436321","article-title":"Mindfulness and self-rated performance among novice athletes in China: a sequential mediating role of flow and cognitive anxiety","volume":"16","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref36","author":"Pitacho","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci12100564","article-title":"The relationship between career calling and workaholism: the mediating role of career orientation","volume":"12","author":"Pitacho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879","article-title":"Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models","volume":"40","author":"Preacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100715","article-title":"Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)","volume":"53","author":"Reardon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0492-2","article-title":"The mental health of elite athletes: a narrative systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Rice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.7352\/IJSP.2018.49.291","article-title":"Vocation: a concept for studying meaningful lives and careers in sport","volume":"49","author":"Ronkainen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Psychol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1080\/1612197X.2017.1295557","article-title":"International society of sport psychology position stand: athletes\u2019 mental health, performance, and development","volume":"16","author":"Schinke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550617715068","article-title":"Determining power and sample size for simple and complex mediation models","volume":"8","author":"Schoemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Personal. Sci."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848719","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2026.1848719","article-title":"Editorial: optimizing athletic recovery: the effects of recovery strategies and sleep on sports performance","volume":"8","author":"Silva","year":"2026","journal-title":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living"},{"key":"ref45","volume-title":"Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling","author":"Snijders","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2012.05.006","article-title":"A systematic review of the experience, occurrence, and controllability of flow states in elite sport","volume":"13","author":"Swann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Sport Exerc."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/10690727211039454","article-title":"Career calling and task performance: the moderating role of job demand","volume":"30","author":"Vianello","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Career Assess."},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications","author":"West","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/0264041031000101809","article-title":"The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance: a Meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Woodman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a2533","DOI":"10.4102\/sajbm.v53i1.2533","article-title":"Influence of proactive personality and career calling on employees\u2019 job performance: a moderated mediation model based on job crafting","volume":"53","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bus. Manag."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1894992\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T04:46:06Z","timestamp":1784695566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1894992\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1894992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1894992","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"article-number":"1894992"}}