{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T06:23:53Z","timestamp":1787207033836,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Music performance anxiety (MPA), a common situational anxiety subtype, impairs motor execution and stress response in high-stakes violin learning, a context with rigorous technical and evaluative demands. This cross-sectional non-interventional human subject research strictly followed standardized ethical review protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study explored the correlations of growth mindset (GM, cognitive) and psychological flexibility (PF, emotional regulatory) with MPA, examining PF\u2019s moderating effect and gender differences in their anxiety-mitigating pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey of 306 Chinese university violin learners used validated scales to assess GM, PF, and MPA. Data analyses included correlation and hierarchical regression modeling, with gender as a stratification variable. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was additionally conducted to verify construct validity; average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), and discriminant validity indices were reported to supplement exploratory factor analysis (EFA) results. Harman\u2019s single-factor test was performed to statistically detect common method bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      GM and PF both negatively correlated with MPA (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.574,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.01;\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u22120.515,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.01). PF significantly moderated the GM-MPA relationship, amplifying GM\u2019s anxiety-mitigating effect, and this effect was more pronounced in female learners. After recoding simple slopes and rechecking interaction term centralization procedures, the inconsistent surface coefficient of high PF subgroup was clarified with complete simple slope interpretation and visualized interaction diagram.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GM and PF are key protective factors for situational performance anxiety in skill learning, with a synergistic cognitive-emotional interaction. Findings extend anxiety coping research and provide actionable gender-responsive cognitive-emotional intervention strategies for skill-learning populations. All interpretations are limited to correlational associations rather than causal causal inferences given the cross-sectional design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1899477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T05:28:42Z","timestamp":1787203722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The moderating roles of a \u201cgrowth mindset\u201d and psychological flexibility on performance anxiety in violin learners"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Music and Performing Arts, Sichuan University of Arts and Sciences, Dazhou","place":["Sichuan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions","author":"Aiken","year":"1991"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05040-z","article-title":"The application of virtual reality exposure versus relaxation training in music performance anxiety: A randomized controlled study.","volume":"23","author":"Bellinger","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.00995.x","article-title":"Implicit theories of intelligence predict achievement across an adolescent transition: A longitudinal study and an intervention.","volume":"78","author":"Blackwell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.03.007","article-title":"Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire\u2013II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance.","volume":"42","author":"Bond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav Therapy"},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"Applying bowing techniques from Spohr\u2019s Violinschule to his Violin Concerto No. 2; Western and Eastern Musical and Cultural Elements in Zhao Jiping\u2019s Violin Concerto No. 1","author":"Chen","year":"2024"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2020.1749568","article-title":"Performance anxiety and the plasticity of emotional responses.","volume":"34","author":"Chow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cogn. 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