{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:02:50Z","timestamp":1789448570602,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Internalizing problems are increasingly prevalent among Chinese students in junior high school, and posing significant risks for long-term maladjustment. However, the mechanisms underlying these problems are unclear. The present study aimed to test the moderating effects of psychological capital and harsh parenting in the association between the hair cortisol-to-DHEA (C\/D) ratio and internalizing problems in adolescence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      282 junior high school students in China participated in this study (114 boys, 166 girls, and 2 with missing sex data;\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      age = 12.82 years). They provided hair samples and completed questionnaires on psychological capital, internalizing problems, harsh parenting of their parents, and control variables including sex, age, family socioeconomic status, negative life events, and body mass index. Hair concentrations of cortisol and DHEA were determined via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main effect of the hair C\/D ratio on internalizing problems was not significant. The interaction between the C\/D ratio and psychological capital was significant. Simple slope analysis revealed that a higher C\/D ratio predicted fewer internalizing problems among adolescents with high psychological capital, but not among those with mean or low psychological capital. The three-way interaction involving harsh parenting was marginal after correction for multiple testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychological capital moderates the association between the hair C\/D ratio and adolescent internalizing problems. These findings highlight psychological capital as a potential intervention target for promoting adaptive stress responses in adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1899552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:26:15Z","timestamp":1789446375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations among hair cortisol-to-DHEA ratio, psychological capital, harsh parenting, and internalizing problems in adolescence"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yapeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Preschool Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingliang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Preschool Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Preschool Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2022.2164187","article-title":"Measuring stress: A review of the current cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) measurement techniques and considerations for the future of mental health monitoring.","volume":"26","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0167977","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167977","article-title":"Adaptive appraisals of anxiety moderate the association between cortisol reactivity and performance in salary negotiations.","volume":"11","author":"Akinola","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.11.009","article-title":"The association of major depression, conduct disorder, and maternal overcontrol with a failure to show a cortisol buffered response in 4-month-old infants of teenage mothers.","volume":"62","author":"Azar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. 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