{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:30:53Z","timestamp":1786681853841,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preventing cognitive decline is a major challenge in aging research. While mind\u2013body exercises and cognitive training each enhance cognitive function, their combined impact on cognitively normal older adults remains unclear. This study examined whether Baduanjin exercise and cognitive training exert interactive effects on global and domain-specific cognitive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a 12-week randomized controlled trial with a 2\u202f\u00d7\u202f2 factorial design, 162 community-dwelling adults aged 60\u201375\u202fyears with normal cognitive function were assigned to four groups: control (CON), Baduanjin (BG), cognitive training (CT), and combined intervention (BG\u202f+\u202fCT). Global cognition, memory, attention, executive function, language, and visuospatial ability were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Changes within-group and main and interaction effects were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred thirty-eight participants completed the intervention. All intervention groups showed significant cognitive improvements from baseline. BG\u202f+\u202fCT demonstrated the most consistent improvements, including unique significant gains in long-delay memory. Factorial analyses revealed significant main effects of both Baduanjin and cognitive training on global cognition and multiple cognitive domains (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05), with notable interaction effects between the two interventions. Simple effects analyses confirmed that BG\u202f+\u202fCT led to greater improvements than individual interventions, particularly in long-delay memory, executive function, language, and visuospatial ability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combined Baduanjin and cognitive training was associated with greater cognitive benefits than single interventions in cognitively normal older adults. These findings support the potential value of integrated behavioral interventions for maintaining cognitive health in later life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1903040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:23:09Z","timestamp":1786681389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of combined Baduanjin and cognitive training on cognitive function in cognitively normal older adults"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Cui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujiao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuerui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoxuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yapeng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianrui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Zhengzhou University","place":["Zhengzhou, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00076","article-title":"The aerobic and cognitive exercise study (ACES) for community-dwelling older adults with or at-risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI): neuropsychological, neurobiological and neuroimaging outcomes of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Anderson-Hanley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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