{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:01:46Z","timestamp":1789970506174,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Students\u2019 well-being is a critical indicator of their academic performance, pro-social behavior, and future development. Students\u2019 perceived relationships with parents, teachers, and peers, along with their sense of school belonging, are significantly associated with their well-being. This study aimed to examine whether students\u2019 sense of school belonging mediates the relationship between perceived parent\u2013teacher\u2013student relationship and well-being. The study also explored whether there were differences between primary and secondary school students on the main dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were obtained from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Survey on Social and Emotional Skills, which included responses from 6,742 students in Suzhou, China (3,508 Grade 4 and 3,234 Grade 10 students). A\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test was used to determine whether any differences existed in the five dimensions between students in Grades 4 and 10. Correlation and regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between different variables. Structural equation modeling with a bootstrap resampling procedure was employed to test the mediation model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings showed that primary school students reported positive relationships with parents and peers, greater overall well-being, and a stronger sense of school belonging than secondary school students. However, they reported less positive relationships with their teachers. After controlling for other variables, the findings indicated that students\u2019 perceived parent\u2013teacher\u2013student relationships and sense of school belonging were positively and significantly related with students\u2019 well-being. These four dimensions collectively explain 44.8% of the variation in the differences in students\u2019 sense of well-being. The results of the bootstrap mediation analysis showed that students\u2019 sense of school belonging significantly partially mediated the relationship between perceived parent-teacher-student relationships and well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Well-being serves as an important indicator that is positively associated with students\u2019 current learning and development and may be relevant to their future success. This study provides empirical evidence that a sense of school belonging serves as a key mediating mechanism through which perceived parent-teacher-student relationships translate into students\u2019 well-being, extending the application of belongingness theory and self-determination theory within the Chinese educational context. It is imperative for school authorities, teachers, and parents to create a learning environment that promotes students\u2019 aspirations, well-being, and academic development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1906317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:34:39Z","timestamp":1789968879000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship between students\u2019 perceived parent\u2013teacher\u2013student relationships, sense of school belonging, and well-being in China: investigating the difference between primary and secondary students"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bingwen","family":"Lou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law, Southeast University","place":["Nanjing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longchang No. 7 Middle School","place":["Neijiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2526459","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2025.2526459","article-title":"The role of perceived teacher, peer, and parental support in school belonging among vocational high school students","volume":"30","author":"Adinata","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Adolesc. Youth"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s40688-019-00262-z","article-title":"School-related predictors of students' life satisfaction: the mediating role of school belongingness","volume":"24","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemp. Sch. Psychol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2020.1730200","article-title":"Student-and school-level factors related to school belongingness among high school students","volume":"25","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Adolesc. Youth"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2018.01.012","article-title":"The relationships between school climate and adolescent mental health and wellbeing: a systematic literature review","volume":"88","author":"Aldridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-016-9389-8","article-title":"What schools need to know about fostering school belonging: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/edp.2016.5","article-title":"Fostering school belonging in secondary schools using a socio-ecological framework","volume":"33","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Educ. Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-017-9486-3","article-title":"School-based social exclusion, affective wellbeing, and mental health problems in adolescents: a study of mediator and moderator role of academic self-regulation","volume":"11","author":"Arslan","year":"","journal-title":"Child Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-017-9856-z","article-title":"Psychological maltreatment, social acceptance, social connectedness, and subjective well-being in adolescents","volume":"19","author":"Arslan","year":"","journal-title":"J. Happiness Stud."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.17583\/ijep.2018.3117","article-title":"Exploring the association between school belonging and emotional health among adolescents","volume":"7","author":"Arslan","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref1001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/00049530.2021.1904499","article-title":"School belongingness, well-being, and mental health among adolescents: Exploring the role of loneliness","volume":"73","author":"Arslan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Psychology,"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-021-00526-x","article-title":"School bullying and youth internalizing and externalizing behaviors: do school belonging and school achievement matter?","volume":"20","author":"Arslan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Addict."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-020-09721-z","article-title":"Exploring the impacts of school belonging on youth wellbeing and mental health among Turkish adolescents","volume":"13","author":"Arslan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-016-9414-y","article-title":"Initial development and validation of the school belongingness scale","volume":"10","author":"Arslan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.497","article-title":"The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation","volume":"117","author":"Baumeister","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326985ep3401_2","article-title":"Friends\u2019 influence on students\u2019 adjustment to school","volume":"34","author":"Berndt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1027\/2151-2604\/a000497","article-title":"A consequential partnership: the association between teachers\u2019 well-being and students\u2019 well-being and the role of teacher support as a mediator","volume":"230","author":"Bilz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Z. Psychol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2010.00721.x","article-title":"Beyond homophily: a decade of advances in understanding peer influence processes","volume":"21","author":"Brechwald","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674028845","volume-title":"The Ecology of human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design","author":"Bronfenbrenner","year":"1979"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s40894-022-00201-9","article-title":"Associations between problematic internet use and mental health outcomes of students: a meta-analytic review","volume":"8","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adolesc. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.12973\/ijem.6.2.435","article-title":"Thai students\u2019 perceived teacher support on their reading ability: mediating effects of self-efficacy and sense of school belonging","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Methodol."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2022.2046164","article-title":"Parental neglect and emotional wellbeing among adolescent students from India: social network addiction as a mediator and gender as a moderator","volume":"42","author":"Chidambaram","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022115617031","article-title":"Students\u2019 sense of belonging at school in 41 countries: cross-cultural variability","volume":"47","author":"Chiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cross-Cult. Psychol."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3102\/003465430298563","article-title":"Learner-centered teacher-student relationships are effective: a meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Cornelius-White","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-014-0084-4","article-title":"Erratum to: familial cultural values, depressive symptoms, school belonging and grades in Latino adolescents: does gender matter?","volume":"24","author":"Cupito","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Child Fam. Stud."},{"key":"ref26","author":"De Bortoli","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"Students' Wellbeing and Sense of Belonging: A Qualitative Study of Relationships and Interactions in a Small School District [Unpublished Master's Dissertation]","author":"Dehuff","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-015-0341-x","article-title":"How do my friends matter? Examining Latino adolescents\u2019 friendships, school belonging, and academic achievement","volume":"45","author":"Delgado","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.15804\/tner.2017.47.1.03","article-title":"Influence of school factors on students\u2019 sense of school belonging","volume":"47","author":"Dukynaite","year":"2017","journal-title":"New Educ. Rev."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2001.0026","article-title":"Sibling, peer, neighbor, and schoolmate correlations as indicators of the importance of context for adolescent development","volume":"38","author":"Duncan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2307\/1602703","article-title":"The development of children ages 6 to 14","volume":"9","author":"Eccles","year":"1999","journal-title":"Futur. Child."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-021-09809-0","article-title":"Civic behavior and sense of belonging at school: the moderating role of school climate","volume":"14","author":"Encina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Identity: Youth and Crisis","author":"Erikson","year":"1968"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-024-00856-2","article-title":"Who matters the most? The differential role of parents, teachers, and peers\u2019 supportive relationships in early adolescents\u2019 subjective well-being","volume":"26","author":"Fino","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Happiness Stud."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.95.1.148","article-title":"Sense of relatedness as a factor in children\u2019s academic engagement and performance","volume":"95","author":"Furrer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105317750462","article-title":"Effect of socioeconomic status on children\u2019s psychological well-being in China: the mediating role of family social capital","volume":"25","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/00220973.1993.9943831","article-title":"The relationship of school belonging and friends\u2019 values to academic motivation among urban adolescent students","volume":"62","author":"Goodenow","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Educ."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/cd.121","article-title":"The role of friendship in adolescents\u2019 sense of school belonging","volume":"2005","author":"Hamm","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Dir. Child Adolesc. Dev."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.03.046","article-title":"Is teachers\u2019 mental health and wellbeing associated with students\u2019 mental health and wellbeing?","volume":"253","author":"Harding","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12188","article-title":"School belonging, generational status, and socioeconomic effects on Mexican-origin children's later academic competence and expectations","volume":"26","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/03050068.2022.2140894","article-title":"From a crisis of results to a crisis of wellbeing-education reform and the declining sense of school belonging in Sweden","volume":"59","author":"H\u00f6gberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comp. Educ."},{"key":"ref7001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal,"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2019.1660998","article-title":"The teacher-student relationship and adolescents\u2019 sense of school belonging","volume":"25","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Adolesc. Youth"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-798","article-title":"The school environment and student health: a systematic review and meta-ethnography of qualitative research","volume":"13","author":"Jamal","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/03069880802364528","article-title":"Teacher\u2013student relationships which promote resilience at school: a micro-level analysis of students\u2019 views","volume":"36","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Guid. Couns."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2248","article-title":"The effect of the school environment on the emotional health of adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"129","author":"Kidger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2004.tb08283.x","article-title":"Relationships matter: linking teacher support to student engagement and achievement","volume":"74","author":"Klem","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3390\/children8020071","article-title":"Secondary school pupils\u2019 mental wellbeing is associated with belonging to a perceived minority and experiencing discrimination","volume":"8","author":"Kokkonen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyl032","article-title":"School well-being in grades 4-12","volume":"21","author":"Konu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1080\/02671522.2019.1615116","article-title":"The relationships between school belonging and students\u2019 motivational, social-emotional, behavioural, and academic outcomes in secondary education: a meta-analytic review","volume":"35","author":"Korpershoek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Pap. Educ."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2007.09.003","article-title":"Parent involvement in the academic adjustment of Latino middle and high school youth: teacher expectations and school belonging as mediators","volume":"31","author":"Kuperminc","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952001","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.952001","article-title":"Links between Chinese vocational school students\u2019 perception of parents' emotional support and school cooperation climate and their academic performance: the mediating role of school belonging","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.14221\/ajte.2020v45n1.3","article-title":"Perceptions and experiences of belonging during the transition from primary to secondary school","volume":"45","author":"Longaretti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. J. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1177\/0894845317696799","article-title":"Discrimination and other education barriers, school connectedness, and thoughts of dropping out among Latina\/o students","volume":"45","author":"McWhirter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Career Dev."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-95205-1_5","volume-title":"Wellbeing and Schooling: Cross Cultural and Cross Disciplinary Perspectives","author":"Morinaj","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2012.01862.x","article-title":"A longitudinal study of school belonging and academic motivation across high school","volume":"84","author":"Neel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7135","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127135","article-title":"Bullying victimization and mental health among migrant children in urban China: a moderated mediation model of school belonging and resilience","volume":"19","author":"Nie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref57","volume-title":"Student Engagement at School: A Sense of Belonging and Participation: Results from PISA 2000","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref58","volume-title":"PISA 2015 Results (Volume III): Students' Well-Being","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref59","volume-title":"Beyond Academic Learning: First Results from the Survey of Social and Emotional Skills","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543070003323","article-title":"Students' need for belonging in the school community","volume":"70","author":"Osterman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/s12310-020-09371-0","article-title":"General belonging is a key predic- tor of adolescent depressive symptoms and partially mediates school belonging","volume":"12","author":"Parr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sch. Ment. Health"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.05.019","article-title":"Correlates of mental illness and wellbeing in children: are they the same? Results from the UK millennium cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Patalay","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3200\/JEXE.76.4.343-362","article-title":"University belonging, friendship quality, and psychological adjustment during the transition to college","volume":"76","author":"Pittman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Educ."},{"key":"ref4001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology,"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.12438","article-title":"The role of social belonging and exclusion at school and the teacher\u2013student relationship for the development of learned helplessness in adolescents","volume":"92","author":"Raufelder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654311421793","article-title":"The influence of affective teacher\u2013student relationships on students' school engagement and achievement: a meta-analytic approach","volume":"81","author":"Roorda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-005-8950-4","article-title":"The role of sense of school belonging and gender in the academic adjustment of Latino adolescents","volume":"34","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci15030384","article-title":"The relationship between student well-being and teacher\u2013student and student\u2013student relationships: a longitudinal approach among secondary school students in Switzerland","volume":"15","author":"Saxer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Educ. Sci."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijedudev.2020.102297","article-title":"School belonging and math attitudes among high school students in advanced math","volume":"80","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Dev."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164411416976","article-title":"Adjusting the adjusted \u03c72\/df ratio statistic for dichotomous item response theory analyses: does the model fit?","volume":"72","author":"Tay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.12253","article-title":"Classroom identification in ethnic minority and majority students: effects of relationships and ethnic composition","volume":"89","author":"Thijs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-018-9974-2","article-title":"Children\u2019s wellbeing at school: a multi-dimensional and multi-informant approach","volume":"20","author":"Tobia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Happiness Stud."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1159\/000376585","article-title":"The WHO-5 well-being index: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"84","author":"Topp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"ref73","volume-title":"Initial Classmate Acceptance Reduces Freshman Year Decline in Sense of School belonging among Urban High School Students [Unpublished Doctor's Dissertation]","author":"Urga","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051143","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1051143","article-title":"The contribution of teacher, parental and peer support in self-reported school and general well-being among ethnic-cultural minority and majority youth","volume":"13","author":"Valcke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1177\/0739986309346023","article-title":"Friendship, educational engagement, and school belonging: comparing Hispanic and White adolescents","volume":"31","author":"Vaquera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hisp. J. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495506","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1495506","article-title":"The effect of peer relationship on subjective well-being among Chinese middle school students: a chain mediation model","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2022.102113","article-title":"Examining the relationship between student attributional style, perceived teacher fairness, and sense of school belonging","volume":"71","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-022-09961-1","article-title":"The most salient global predictors of adolescents\u2019 subjective well-being: parental support, peer support, and anxiety","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Indic. Res."},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"105","article-title":"Comparison of detection rates of mental health problems among students: evidence from meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260827","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1260827","article-title":"Testing a mediation model of teacher caring, grit, and student wellbeing in English as a foreign language students","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1906317\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:34:42Z","timestamp":1789968882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1906317\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1906317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1906317","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"article-number":"1906317"}}