{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:15:57Z","timestamp":1788419757663,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Aligning with the factor-analytical procedure already established for the original test version, the present study examined the structural validity and diagnostic viability of the German\n                      <jats:italic>Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2014Fifth Edition<\/jats:italic>\n                      (WISC-V) ancillary index scales on an extended standardization sample of children and adolescents aged between 6 and 16\u202fyears (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f1,466).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Representing the first comprehensive investigation into the ancillary index structure of the German WISC-V, competing hierarchical and bifactor model solutions were systematically evaluated via confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and supplemented by model-based reliability analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results provided structural support for the retention of the\n                      <jats:italic>Auditory Working Memory<\/jats:italic>\n                      index (AWM) as a structurally identifiable yet psychometrically redundant scale, whereas a subordinate factor for the\n                      <jats:italic>Quantitative Reasoning<\/jats:italic>\n                      index (QR) was completely unviable due to estimation failures and non-convergence across both model frameworks. A hierarchical model solution confirmed that the\n                      <jats:italic>Nonverbal Index<\/jats:italic>\n                      (NVI) represents a valid multidimensional construct, though model-based reliability analyses indicated that its underlying specific subscales lack the structural stability for independent interpretation beyond the NVI composite score. Furthermore, model-fit evaluations established that the\n                      <jats:italic>General Ability Index<\/jats:italic>\n                      (GAI) and the\n                      <jats:italic>Cognitive Proficiency Index<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CPI) are best represented by a second-order oblique four-factor model solution. While the GAI and CPI are reflected by plausible latent dimensions, their profound statistical proximity to the\n                      <jats:italic>Full Scale Intelligence Quotient<\/jats:italic>\n                      (FSIQ) and the underlying subscales\u2019 lack of sufficient statistical stability underscore the risk of profile misinterpretation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consequently, study limitations and boundaries for evidence-based assessment are discussed, emphasizing that subsequent diagnostic decision-making in clinical practice based on the ancillary index scales alone should be approached with caution absent further cross-cultural and clinical validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1913590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:41:07Z","timestamp":1788417667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural validity of the German WISC-V beyond primary assessment: a factor-analytical approach to the ancillary index scales"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Franz","family":"Pauls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Helmut-Schmidt-University\/University of the Federal Armed Forces","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Daseking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Helmut-Schmidt-University\/University of the Federal Armed Forces","place":["Hamburg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Essentials of specific Learning Disability Identification","author":"Alfonso","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence3040121","article-title":"John Carroll's views on intelligence: bi-factor vs. higher-order models","volume":"3","author":"Beaujean","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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