{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:21:30Z","timestamp":1787721690675,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urban marathon participation provides a real-world mass-participation and active leisure setting in which runners perceive environmental cues through continuous bodily movement and visual attention. However, how event-based environmental cues are transformed into emotional involvement, the psychological reconstruction of spatial meaning, and place bonding remains insufficiently explained. Taking the 2025 Wuxi Marathon as a case, this study examines the mechanism through which visual metaphors shape runners\u2019 place bonding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mixed-methods design was adopted. Study 1 used the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) with image-elicited interviews of 15 highly involved runners to identify visual metaphor cues and meaning-generation pathways. Study 2 translated the qualitative findings into a PLS-SEM model and tested it using 348 valid questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Event brand image recognition, landscape\u2013cultural aesthetics, scene transition perception, and order-and-care experience significantly affect event emotional involvement and the psychological reconstruction of urban spatial meaning, which in turn promote place bonding. Urban spatial meaning reconstruction has a stronger effect on place bonding than event emotional involvement, while order-and-care experience plays an important role in linking event participation with urban perception.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that visual metaphors in urban marathon participation can be understood as a mechanism of place meaning generation. They show how runners transform event-based environmental cues into emotional involvement, the psychological reconstruction of spatial meaning, and place bonding, revealing a place-based pathway related to supportive urban experience and psychological well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1921873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:48:09Z","timestamp":1787719689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Visual metaphors promote place bonding in urban marathon participation through emotional involvement and spatial meaning reconstruction: a ZMET\u2013PLS-SEM study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, Jiangnan University","place":["Wuxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongcai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, Jiangnan University","place":["Wuxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangsu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, Jiangnan University","place":["Wuxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design, Jiangnan University","place":["Wuxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/10350330.2020.1810551","article-title":"Communicating the \u201cworld-class\u201d city: a visual-material approach","volume":"31","author":"Aiello","year":"","journal-title":"Soc. 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