{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:51:42Z","timestamp":1791525102056,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examines the statistical relationships among learning motivation, cognitive load, creative self-efficacy, and expert-rated creative performance among undergraduate design students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 428 valid responses from undergraduate students majoring in design-related disciplines. Students first completed a design task, after which questionnaire data were collected and anonymized design works were evaluated by three independent experts. SPSS was used for descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression-based path analysis, and Bootstrap tests of statistical indirect effects; AMOS was used to evaluate the measurement model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Learning motivation and germane cognitive load were positively associated with creative self-efficacy. Creative self-efficacy showed the strongest positive association with design creative performance, and germane cognitive load showed a smaller positive direct association. Extraneous cognitive load was negatively correlated with creative performance at the bivariate level, but its adjusted direct path was not statistically significant; therefore, H5 was not supported. Intrinsic cognitive load was not significant. Bootstrap results indicated significant statistical indirect relationships through creative self-efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that design creativity is associated with students' motivation, meaningful cognitive engagement, and creative self-beliefs. Because the questionnaire was administered after the design task, the indirect effects should be interpreted as statistical indirect relationships rather than evidence of causal or temporal mediation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1921917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T05:30:02Z","timestamp":1791523802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Creativity in design education: an educational psychology model of motivation, cognitive load, and self-efficacy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Design, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Arts and Design, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics","place":["Ningbo, Zhejiang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.43.5.997","article-title":"Social psychology of creativity: a consensual assessment technique","volume":"43","author":"Amabile","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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