{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:55:30Z","timestamp":1790920530469,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parent-administered massage-based interventions are increasingly used in family-centered care for preterm infants, but their effects across infant and parental outcomes remain uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically evaluate the effects of parent-administered massage-based interventions on growth, feeding, hospitalization, neurodevelopmental, and parental psychological outcomes in preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 26 May 2026. Eligible studies compared parent-administered massage alone or combined with tactile, kinesthetic, oral, or other developmental sensory components against routine care or non-massage controls. Random-effects models with restricted maximum-likelihood estimation were used. Parental psychological outcomes were synthesized narratively because of substantial heterogeneity. Risk of bias was assessed with RoB 2, and certainty of evidence with GRADE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-four randomized controlled trials were included. Moderate-certainty evidence indicated that massage-based interventions were associated with higher odds of breastfeeding or human-milk feeding at discharge (OR 5.42, 95% CI 2.44\u201311.94), shorter time to full oral feeding (MD \u22122.04 days, 95% CI \u22123.95 to \u22120.13), and shorter hospital length of stay (MD \u22124.68 days, 95% CI \u22127.79 to \u22121.57). Weight-gain velocity was greater in the primary meta-analysis (MD 5.55 g\/day, 95% CI 1.71\u20139.38), but certainty was low, heterogeneity was very high (I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 97.87%), significant small-study effects were detected, and the trim-and-fill adjusted estimate was attenuated and no longer statistically significant (MD 3.45 g\/day, 95% CI \u22121.67 to 8.56). Parent-related psychological findings were generally favorable but were supported by low-certainty evidence. Effects on length growth, head-circumference growth, and motor development were not statistically significant; certainty for length and head-circumference growth was very low.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Moderate-certainty evidence suggests that parent-administered massage-based interventions may improve selected feeding outcomes and reduce hospital length of stay in preterm or low-birth-weight infants. The effect on weight-gain velocity remains uncertain because of very high heterogeneity, low certainty of evidence, and possible small-study effects. However, many interventions were multimodal and heterogeneity was substantial; therefore, the findings should be interpreted as effects of parent-delivered developmental-care interventions that include massage rather than massage alone, and the independent effect of massage requires confirmation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD420261435482<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier CRD420261435482.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1922153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:36:27Z","timestamp":1790919387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of parent-administered massage-based multimodal interventions on health outcomes in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Health Centre, Ganzhou Nankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganzhou","place":["Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HuanHuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Shenzhen","place":["Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics Rehabilitation Hall, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou","place":["Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Fuzhou Linchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou","place":["Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen","place":["Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0355(198224)3:4<229::AID-IMHJ2280030405>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Toward a synactive theory of development: Promise for the assessment and support of infant individuality.","volume":"3","author":"Als","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infant Ment. 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