{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T06:07:21Z","timestamp":1788934041861,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed the Competitive Altruism Survey (CAS) to test how intrasexual competition (i.e., competitive altruism) relates to Machiavellianism, Big Five personality traits, social desirability, and impression management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A sample of 103 heterosexual cisgender women aged 18 to 45 years completed an online survey. Results: Competitive altruism was strongly and positively related to Machiavellianism and negatively related to Agreeableness and was more used when directed at other women than at men. Neuroticism was correlated with anxiety and frustration that accompany strategic kindness, rather than to competitive altruism. Correlations with impression management and social desirability were unexpectedly negative; this pattern is open to several readings, one being openness about strategic intent. Open-ended responses converge with this interpretation, with women describing the strategic kindness they observe in others as occurring within workplace hierarchies, in publicized or social-media display, and in warmth that contradicts itself in private.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results offer preliminary self-report evidence, in a predominantly Western online sample, that women may use competitive altruism and generosity as strategies to gain a reputation in competition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1924479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:52:04Z","timestamp":1788933124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Kill them with kindness: preliminary evidence for women\u2019s competitive altruism"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Maryanne L.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Saint Mary\u2019s University","place":["Halifax, NS, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Interacciones Sociales (NIIS), Laboratorio de Fisiolog\u00eda y Comportamiento Humano (LABFICH), Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas","place":["Santiago, Chile"]},{"name":"Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nohelia","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Interacciones Sociales (NIIS), Laboratorio de Fisiolog\u00eda y Comportamiento Humano (LABFICH), Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Escuela de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas","place":["Santiago, Chile"]},{"name":"Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferity","family":"Thorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Saint Mary\u2019s University","place":["Halifax, NS, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Polo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerea","family":"Aldunate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sim\u00f3n","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo","place":["Santiago, Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.83.1.245","article-title":"What is the central feature of extraversion? 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