{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:05:15Z","timestamp":1790661915636,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cultural product design (CPD) education concerns not only students\u2019 extraction and translation of traditional cultural elements, but also their understanding of the cultural contexts behind cultural artefacts and the experiences of potential users. Empathy is considered to help designers understand needs, emotions, and contexts from the perspectives of others; however, its role in CPD education remains insufficiently examined through empirical research. This study introduced an empathy-driven instructional approach to examine its associations with students\u2019 empathy and design creativity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The participants were 79 undergraduate students from two intact classes in a CPD course. The two classes were assigned at the class level to either the empathy-driven instructional approach or the traditional instructional approach. The empathy-driven group received systematic guidance based on the empathy-driven instructional approach, whereas the traditional group received the traditional instructional approach. Both groups completed design tasks based on designated cultural artefacts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed that students in the empathy-driven group demonstrated higher levels of empathy than those in the traditional group. The analyses also identified significant indirect associations through empathy between the instructional approach and the novelty and quality of design outcomes, a pattern consistent with partial mediation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that the empathy-driven instructional approach in CPD education can help students develop a more integrated understanding of the relationships among artefact contexts, user experiences, and contemporary product experiences, and may support the generation of design outcomes with greater novelty and quality. This study provides preliminary empirical evidence for incorporating empathy training into CPD education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1926260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:46:39Z","timestamp":1790660799000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is empathy-driven teaching effective in cultural product design? An empirical study on students\u2019 empathy and design creativity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Art and Design, Ma\u2019anshan University","place":["Ma\u2019anshan, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Art and Design, Ma\u2019anshan University","place":["Ma\u2019anshan, Anhui, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-694X(02)00056-X","article-title":"Educating effective engineering designers: the role of reflective practice","volume":"24","author":"Adams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Des. Stud."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.45.2.357","article-title":"The social psychology of creativity: a componential conceptualization","volume":"45","author":"Amabile","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.7196\/SAJBL.2023.v16i2.1015","article-title":"Changes in the empathy levels of a group of undergraduate medical students: a longitudinal study","volume":"16","author":"Archer","year":"2023","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bioethics Law"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teln.2025.08.003","article-title":"Educational interventions to enhance empathy in undergraduate nursing students: an integrative review","volume":"21","author":"Badawy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Teach. Learn. Nurs."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00","article-title":"The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences","volume":"34","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2015.04.001","article-title":"The relative effects of different dimensions of traditional cultural elements on customer product satisfaction","volume":"48","author":"Chai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771241254637","article-title":"Can artificial intelligence support creativity in early design processes?","volume":"23","author":"Chandrasekera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Archit. Comput."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2022.101127","article-title":"Influences of virtual reality on design creativity and design thinking","volume":"46","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Think. Skills Creat."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/jade.12554","article-title":"Exploring the effect of cultural inspiration distance and timing on designer\u2019 creativity in targeted cultural creative design pattern","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Art Des. Ed."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s10798-025-10036-9","article-title":"Using a user feedback strategy to promote students\u2019 empathy and design creativity in a design-based project","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10798-015-9349-5","article-title":"Effects of various sketching tools on visual thinking in idea development","volume":"27","author":"Chu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326934crj1803_13","article-title":"In praise of convergent thinking","volume":"18","author":"Cropley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Creat. Res. J."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2021.100911","article-title":"Importance of environmental settings for the temporal dynamics of creativity","volume":"41","author":"Daikoku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Think. Skills Creat."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00106","article-title":"Identifying quality, novel, and creative ideas: constructs and scales for idea evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Dean","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAIS"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/1365480221989500","article-title":"Empathy is the mother of invention: emotion and cognition for creativity in the classroom","volume":"25","author":"Demetriou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Improv. Sch."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-694X(00)00020-X","article-title":"Intentions in and relations among design drawings","volume":"21","author":"Do","year":"2000","journal-title":"Des. Stud."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/jade.12448","article-title":"How does the design guidelines for traditional cultural artefacts inspire design in a culturally inspired design process? A comparative study with novice design students","volume":"42","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Art Des. Ed."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iwae019","article-title":"Development of the empathy in design scale: measuring employees\u2019 empathy toward users in service design","volume":"36","author":"Drouet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Interact. Comput."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2021.102013","article-title":"The zone of proximal creativity: what dynamic assessment of divergent thinking reveals about students\u2019 latent class membership","volume":"67","author":"Dumas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2016.05.002","article-title":"Predicting creative problem solving in engineering design","volume":"21","author":"Dumas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Think. Skills Creat."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.1060.0193","article-title":"Enhancing creativity through \u201cmindless\u201d work: a framework of workday design","volume":"17","author":"Elsbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Organ. Sci."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.23880\/eoij-16000135","article-title":"Acculturation in human culture interaction - a case study of culture meaning in cultural product design","volume":"2","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"EOIJ"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"23rd International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology; 16th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference","author":"Genco","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2011.59215085","article-title":"The necessity of others is the mother of invention: intrinsic and prosocial motivations, perspective taking, and creativity","volume":"54","author":"Grant","year":"2011","journal-title":"AMJ"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.15187\/adr.2023.02.36.1.21","article-title":"Cultural product design as a key strategy for innovation capability development: evidence from Indonesian creative social enterprises","volume":"36","author":"Gumulya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Archiv Design Res"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2025.101767","article-title":"Student perspectives on creative pedagogy: considerations for the age of AI","volume":"56","author":"Habib","year":"2025","journal-title":"Think. Skills Creat."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13019","article-title":"Examining physiological and self-report indicators of empathy during learners\u2019 interaction with a queer history app","volume":"51","author":"Harley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Technol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2010.04.001","article-title":"Understanding design ideation mechanisms through multilevel aligned empirical studies","volume":"31","author":"Hernandez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Des. Stud."},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings","author":"Hess","year":""},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/15710882.2015.1135243","article-title":"The manifestation of empathy within design: findings from a service-learning course","volume":"12","author":"Hess","year":"","journal-title":"CoDesign"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029159","article-title":"Fostering team creativity: perspective taking as key to unlocking diversity\u2019s potential","volume":"97","author":"Hoever","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2004.05.005","article-title":"A creativity-based design process for innovative product design","volume":"34","author":"Hsiao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Ind. Ergon."},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Internationalization, Design and Global Development","author":"Hsu","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1017\/pds.2021.521","article-title":"Seeing from the users\u2019 eyes: an outlook to virtual-reality based empathic design research","volume":"1","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Des. Soc."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2024.101929","article-title":"Integrating AIGC into product design ideation teaching: an empirical study on self-efficacy and learning outcomes","volume":"92","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Learn. Instr."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759376","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1759376","article-title":"How teacher\u2013student collaborative assessment relates to L2 writing self-efficacy: insights from Chinese EFL learners","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/21650349.2018.1463176","article-title":"Design creativity: refined method for novelty assessment","volume":"7","author":"Jagtap","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Des. Creat. Innov."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"051009","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4026951","article-title":"An experimental investigation of the effectiveness of empathic experience design for innovative concept generation","volume":"136","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mech. Des."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20874","article-title":"Neuroanatomy of creativity","volume":"31","author":"Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/09544820902875033","article-title":"A framework for empathy in design: stepping into and out of the user\u2019s life","volume":"20","author":"Kouprie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Eng. Des."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.1.42","article-title":"The neural substrate of human empathy: effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal","volume":"19","author":"Lamm","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2022.101089","article-title":"The relationship between divergent thinking and ideation in the conceptual design process","volume":"79","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Des. Stud."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/jade.12345","article-title":"Designing a new empathy-oriented prototyping toolkit for the design thinking process: creativity and design sensibility","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Art Des. Ed."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1007\/s10798-023-09869-z","article-title":"The roles of empathy and motivation in creativity in design thinking","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ."},{"key":"ref45","volume-title":"The Evolving Roles of Modern Designers: through the Lens of Design Behavioral Patterns within Work Environments Enhanced by Generative AI","author":"Li","year":""},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"45","article-title":"Transforming Taiwan aboriginal cultural features into modern product design","volume":"1","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Des."},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Usability and Internationalization. HCI and Culture","author":"Lin","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2025.101967","article-title":"Enhancing human computer collaboration in design process: how AI-generated content elevates students\u2019 creativity","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Think. Skills Creat."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10798-016-9359-y","article-title":"Role of cultural inspiration with different types in cultural product design activities","volume":"27","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10798-008-9069-1","article-title":"Culture-orientated product design","volume":"20","author":"Moalosi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ."},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of perspective-taking training on reducing power struggles and increasing relational empathy","volume-title":"Research and Practice in Couple Therapy","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1007\/s10798-025-10042-x","article-title":"Abstraction and concreteness: how cultural inspiration influences design creativity","volume":"36","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0182210","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182210","article-title":"Happy creativity: listening to happy music facilitates divergent thinking","volume":"12","author":"Ritter","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/10400419.2012.652929","article-title":"Divergent thinking as an indicator of creative potential","volume":"24","author":"Runco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Creat. Res. J."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2011.01.002","article-title":"Assessing design creativity","volume":"32","author":"Sarkar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Des. Stud."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/jpim.12061","article-title":"Adopting design thinking in novice multidisciplinary teams: the application and limits of design methods and reflexive practices","volume":"30","author":"Seidel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J of Product Innov Manag"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1315592","article-title":"Evaluation of idea generation methods for conceptual design: effectiveness metrics and design of experiments","volume":"122","author":"Shah","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Mech. Des."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-694X(02)00034-0","article-title":"Metrics for measuring ideation effectiveness","volume":"24","author":"Shah","year":"2003","journal-title":"Des. Stud."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10798-024-09948-9","article-title":"Cultivating empathy and upgrading design decisions of students: the impact of simulating public transit experiences of individuals with mild visual impairments","volume":"35","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.57643\/IJD.2019.56","article-title":"A comparison of existing frameworks leading to an empathic formation compass for co-design","volume":"13","author":"Smeenk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Des."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890802484381","article-title":"The Toronto empathy questionnaire: scale development and initial validation of a factor-analytic solution to multiple empathy measures","volume":"91","author":"Spreng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.5334\/pme.1482","article-title":"Investigating the influence of role-playing on empathy and perspective-taking by Analyzing level of engagement, emotional, and cognitive processes through a word count analysis approach","volume":"14","author":"Tien","year":"2025","journal-title":"Perspect Med Educ"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-022-10146-4","article-title":"Empathy and empathic design for meaningful deliverables","volume":"70","author":"Tracey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educ. Tech. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008045089-6.50016-2","article-title":"Product expression: bridging the gap between the symbolic and the concrete","volume":"1","author":"Van Rompay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Product Exp"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2012.08.003","article-title":"Refinements to the variety metric for idea evaluation","volume":"34","author":"Verhaegen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Des. Stud."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/jade.12301","article-title":"Involving cultural sensitivity in the design process: a design toolkit for Chinese cultural products","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Art Design Ed"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-36913-4","article-title":"Effect of online digital storytelling on the comprehension of authentic listening materials and engagement of junior high school EFL learners","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/NNE.0000000000000236","article-title":"The empathy enigma: does it still exist? Comparison of empathy using students and standardized actors","volume":"41","author":"Ward","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nurse Educ."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695002","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.695002","article-title":"Design training and creativity: students develop stronger divergent but not convergent thinking","volume":"12","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09898-8","article-title":"Projecting learner engagement in remote contexts using empathic design","volume":"69","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ Tech Res Dev"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s10798-020-09606-w","article-title":"Exploring design students\u2019 cognition and application of different levels of Chinese cultural elements","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2016.06.002","article-title":"Sympathy fuels creativity: the beneficial effects of sympathy on originality","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Think. Skills Creat."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1926260\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:46:42Z","timestamp":1790660802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1926260\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1926260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1926260","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"article-number":"1926260"}}