{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:04:39Z","timestamp":1790661879906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Identity subscale of the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI) is the most widely used brief measure of Eriksonian ego identity, but it carries a historically situated gender item and has no published Italian validation. Instruments inherit the assumptions of the era that produced them, and an item can lose validity as those assumptions shift.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In two waves of an Italian school cohort in Rome (2025,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3,068; 2026,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2,896), we examined the original EPSI and developed the revised EPSI-IT.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the models compared, a bifactor solution fit best in both waves (EPSI-IT \u03c9\n                      <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.64, ECV = 0.54), though absolute fit was moderate; the structure supports a total score complemented by a synthesis subscale, whereas clarity (reverse-keyed confusion) adds little beyond the general factor. The 11-item EPSI-IT showed a coherent structure and a theory-consistent nomological network, and the harmonized core was invariant across groups and waves in terms of the loading level, with a minor intercept-level decrement. Across-wave criterion attenuation appeared equally on the constant harmonized items, arguing against an explanation specific to the revision. The gender item did not function as an ego-identity indicator and was removed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recommend the total score as the primary index, complemented by the synthesis subscale, and report preliminary grade-specific reference values for research use. More broadly, a historically situated item\u2014here gender-related certainty used as a marker of ego identity\u2014can come to function as separable content in a contemporary cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1927380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:50:39Z","timestamp":1790661039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Revising the measurement of Eriksonian ego identity in contemporary Italian adolescents: the EPSI-IT"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Vagni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, National Research Council of Italy","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Tintori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council of Italy","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Ciancimino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council of Italy","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leone G.","family":"Orvieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council of Italy","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Education Science, University of Roma Tre","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Cerbara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council of Italy","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.919210","article-title":"Multiple-group factor analysis alignment","volume":"21","author":"Asparouhov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Struct. 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