{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:09:33Z","timestamp":1789711773582,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aimed to examine differences in tenth-grade students' performance in the use of conjunctions between Dictogloss-based instruction and traditional instruction after controlling for pre-test performance, to examine the association of Matching familiar figures test (MFFT) response latency and error rate with post-test performance, and to explore their moderating role in the relationship between instructional method and post-test performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty Palestinian tenth-grade EFL students from two intact classes participated. One class received 45 Dictogloss sessions over 9 weeks, while the other received traditional instruction for the same duration. Performance was measured using a 20-item multiple-choice test covering coordinating, subordinating, and correlative conjunctions. ANCOVA-equivalent linear models adjusted for pre-test scores and included Pre \u00d7 Method terms, HC3 robust standard errors, and Holm correction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Supplementary analyses showed significant pre-to-post gains in the Dictogloss class but not in the traditional class; however, these within-group gains were interpreted descriptively. Primary analyses showed no significant adjusted Dictogloss\u2013traditional differences after Holm correction, although significant Pre \u00d7 Method interactions for coordinating, correlative, and total scores indicated variation according to pre-test performance. MFFT response latency and error rate showed no significant joint association with post-test performance and no significant moderation after Holm correction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the findings support Dictogloss as a potentially useful structured approach for conjunction practice but do not establish its overall superiority to traditional instruction or a reliable moderating effect of MFFT performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1935764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:36:30Z","timestamp":1789709790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dictogloss-based instruction and conjunction use in Palestinian tenth-grade EFL learners"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ahmad Jamil","family":"Abukhiran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Higher Education Palestine","place":["Ramallah, Palestine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guliz","family":"Ozuturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of English language Teaching, Cyprus International University","place":["Nicosia, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Abdul Jawad\n              N.\n            \n          \n          A comparative study of some mental and non-mental factors among daughters of consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages\n          \n          1990"},{"key":"B2","author":"Al-Attoum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology (Theory and Application"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053310","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1053310","article-title":"Enhancing English as a foreign language university students' writing through explicit instruction of conjunctions as cohesive devices: an experimental study","volume":"13","author":"Alawerdy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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