{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:00:19Z","timestamp":1790233219870,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined heterogeneity in students\u2019 mathematics attitudes and the associations of perceived school belonging, bullying victimization, gender, and home educational resources with profile membership.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TIMSS 2023 T\u00fcrkiye data included 4,925 eighth-grade students (LPA analytic\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4,820; three-step analytic\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4,739). Latent profile analysis used the three official TIMSS derived scale scores for liking mathematics, confidence in mathematics, and valuing mathematics, with equal indicator variances across profiles and within-profile covariances fixed at zero. Model selection jointly considered fit, profile size, classification quality, substantive distinctiveness, and covariance-specification sensitivity. Associations with profile membership were examined using design-adjusted, classification-error-corrected three-step analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A five-profile solution was retained as a parsimonious descriptive classification: Low Overall \/ Very Low Confidence, Low Liking-Value \/ Relatively Higher Confidence, Slightly Below-Average, Positive, and Highly Positive. Perceived school belonging was the most consistent correlate of profile membership,\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      (4, 68) = 47.74,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001, and home educational resources also differentiated profiles,\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      (4, 68) = 15.61,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001. Gender showed a smaller omnibus association,\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      (4, 68) = 2.88,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.029, whereas bullying victimization did not differentiate profiles after simultaneous adjustment for the other covariates,\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      (4, 68) = 1.78,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.143. When perceived school belonging was omitted in a sensitivity model, bullying victimization did differentiate profiles,\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      (4, 68) = 6.02,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mathematics attitudes varied mainly in overall level, with limited configurational heterogeneity among the two lowest-attitude profiles. The change in the conditional association with bullying after omitting school belonging does not establish mediation or causal ordering.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1938974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:10:44Z","timestamp":1790230244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Latent mathematics attitude profiles among eighth-grade students: associations with school belonging and bullying"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ramazan","family":"Erol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Afyon Kocatepe University","place":["Afyonkarahisar, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1177\/0081175012470644","article-title":"Estimating the association between latent class membership and external variables using bias-adjusted three-step approaches","volume":"43","author":"Bakk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sociol. 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