{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:15:39Z","timestamp":1788156939694,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly adopted for digital biophilic interventions aimed at mitigating mental fatigue, it remains unclear whether higher technological immersion linearly enhances directed attention restoration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the restorative effects of three levels of immersion: smartphone (low), tablet (moderate) and VR headset (high), on directed attention following exposure to a nature video.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety adults completed the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) before and after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      While intra-group analyses provided extreme evidence for attentional restoration using a tablet (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;lt; 0.001,\n                      <jats:italic>BF<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 6573) and strong evidence for VR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003,\n                      <jats:italic>BF<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 12.7), the overall inter-group differentiation failed to reach strict frequentist significance (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.085). However, Bayesian model comparisons revealed a non-monotonic pattern of efficacy. Crucially, while a Bayesian Repeated Measures ANOVA showed only anecdotal evidence (\n                      <jats:italic>BF<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>inclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      = 2.33) for a Time \u00d7 Device interaction,\n                      <jats:italic>post-hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      comparisons yielded moderate evidence for the null hypothesis when comparing the smartphone to the VR headset (\n                      <jats:italic>BF<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.215).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data indicate that the highest level of immersion provided no restorative advantage over the lowest level, potentially due to the cognitive overhead associated with VR. These findings provide moderate evidence against a linear relationship between immersion and restoration, highlighting the need to carefully consider the biomechanical and cognitive confounds of immersive technologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1942295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:40:06Z","timestamp":1788154806000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-linear effects of technological immersion on directed attention restoration: an exploratory study across smartphone, tablet, and virtual reality interfaces"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Sakdavong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire CLLE (UMR5263), University of Toulouse","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Melliere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire CLLE (UMR5263), University of Toulouse","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouhammadou","family":"Dia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire CLLE (UMR5263), University of Toulouse","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Niveau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire CLLE (UMR5263), University of Toulouse","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Brunet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire CLLE (UMR5263), University of Toulouse","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Pleuchot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire CLLE (UMR5263), University of Toulouse","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"D\u00e9sir\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire CLLE (UMR5263), University of Toulouse","place":["Toulouse, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTTECH.21.5.514","article-title":"Relationship between the preference and perceived restorative potential of urban landscapes","volume":"21","author":"Abkar","year":"2011","journal-title":"HortTechnology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.02.003","article-title":"Mechanisms of top-down attention","volume":"34","author":"Baluch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.02050","article-title":"Immediate attention enhancement and restoration from interactive and immersive technologies: a scoping review","volume":"11","author":"Barton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511778483.010","article-title":"\u201cUrban ecology and human health and wellbeing,\u201d","author":"Barton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Urban Ecology"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916518774400","article-title":"Attention restoration theory: exploring the role of soft fascination and mental bandwidth","volume":"51","author":"Basu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02225.x","article-title":"The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature","volume":"19","author":"Berman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2005.07.001","article-title":"Exposure to restorative environments helps restore attentional capacity","volume":"25","author":"Berto","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/bs8030034","article-title":"An individual's connection to nature can affect perceived restorativeness of natural environments. Some observations about biophilia","volume":"8","author":"Berto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00070.x","article-title":"The cyborg's dilemma: progressive embodiment in virtual environments","author":"Biocca","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Comput. Mediat. Commun."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02667","article-title":"Can simulated nature support mental health? Comparing short, single-doses of 360-degree nature videos in virtual reality with the outdoors. Front","volume":"10","author":"Browning","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.09.006","article-title":"The effect of directing attention during walking under dual-task conditions in Parkinson's disease","volume":"11","author":"Canning","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"B12","first-page":"4858","article-title":"Nature's contributions to stress recovery and perceived attention restoration","volume":"14","author":"\u00c7elebi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hum. Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2008.12.009","article-title":"Anatomy of an error: a bidirectional state model of task engagement\/disengagement and attention-related errors","volume":"111","author":"Cheyne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01114531","article-title":"The aftereffects of stress: an attentional interpretation","volume":"3","author":"Cohen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Environ. Psychol. Nonverbal Behav."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2015.1015740","article-title":"How immersive is enough? A meta-analysis of the effect of immersive technology on user presence","volume":"19","author":"Cummings","year":"2016","journal-title":"Media Psychol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2006.09.001","article-title":"What's wrong with virtual trees? Restoring from stress in a mediated environment","volume":"26","author":"de Kort","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750","article-title":"Executive functions","volume":"64","author":"Diamond","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00781","article-title":"Using Bayes to get the most out of non-significant results","volume":"5","author":"Dienes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3390\/j5030023","article-title":"Virtual reality greenspaces: does level of immersion affect directed attention restoration in VR environments?","volume":"5","author":"Dillon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Multidiscip. Sci. J."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbp009","article-title":"Working memory and postural control: adult age differences in potential for improvement, task priority, and dual tasking","volume":"64","author":"Doumas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1874-5822(96)80022-3","article-title":"\u201cInvoluntary attention,\u201d","author":"Eimer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Handbook of Perception and Action"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07857-1_72","article-title":"\u201cEnhancing user immersion and virtual presence in interactive multiuser virtual environments through the development and integration of a gesture-centric natural user interface,\u201d","author":"Emma-Ogbangwo","year":"2014","journal-title":"HCI International 2014 - Posters' Extended Abstracts"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20108","article-title":"Brain mechanisms of involuntary visuospatial attention: an event-related potential study","volume":"25","author":"Fu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1080\/0361073X.2014.956618","article-title":"Not just scenery: viewing nature pictures improves executive attention in older adults","volume":"40","author":"Gamble","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Aging Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916591231001","article-title":"Restorative effects of natural environment experiences","volume":"23","author":"Hartig","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(02)00113-5","article-title":"Assessing the restorative components of environments","volume":"23","author":"Herzog","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.11.007","article-title":"Effects of screen size, viewing angle, and players' immersion tendencies on game experience","volume":"28","author":"Hou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Human Behav."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1162\/105474601300343621","article-title":"Effects of stereoscopic presentation, image motion, and screen size on subjective and objective corroborative measures of presence","volume":"10","author":"IJsselsteijn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Presence."},{"key":"B29","volume-title":"The Principles of Psychology","author":"James","year":"1890"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047993","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1047993","article-title":"Impacts of urban green infrastructure on attentional functioning: Insights from an fMRI study","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4739","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16234739","article-title":"Physiological benefits of viewing nature: a systematic review of indoor experiments","volume":"16","author":"Jo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809629","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.809629","article-title":"Water and meadow views both afford perceived but not performance-based attention restoration","volume":"13","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B33","volume-title":"The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective","author":"Kaplan","year":"1989"},{"key":"B34","first-page":"46","article-title":"\u201cThe role of natural environment aesthetics in the restorative experience,\u201d","volume-title":"Managing Urban and High-Use Recreation Settings","author":"Kaplan","year":"1993"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-4944(95)90001-2","article-title":"The restorative benefits of nature: toward an integrative framework","volume":"15","author":"Kaplan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1177\/00139160121973106","article-title":"Meditation, restoration, and the management of mental fatigue","volume":"33","author":"Kaplan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"B37","volume-title":"Doing Bayesian Data Analysis: A Tutorial with R, JAGS, and Stan, 2nd edn","author":"Kruschke","year":"2014"},{"key":"B38","volume-title":"Bayesian Cognitive Modeling: A Practical Course","author":"Lee","year":"2013"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725288","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.725288","article-title":"Access to nature via virtual reality: a mini-review","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.07.030","article-title":"Urbanisation, the arousal system, and covert and overt attentional selection","volume":"32","author":"Linnell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031139","article-title":"Urbanization decreases attentional engagement","volume":"39","author":"Linnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2000.tb00750.x","article-title":"Presence and television","volume":"26","author":"Lombard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Commun. Res."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000473","article-title":"Immersive virtual reality increases liking but not learning with a science simulation and generative learning strategies promote learning in immersive virtual reality","volume":"113","author":"Makransky","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3435-5_2","article-title":"\u201cWhat is attention?,\u201d","author":"Mancas","year":"2016","journal-title":"From Human Attention to Computational Attention"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00086-0","article-title":"Coffee in the cornflakes: time-of-day as a modulator of executive response control","volume":"40","author":"Manly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2019.03.005","article-title":"Back to nature? Attention restoration theory and the restorative effects of nature contact in prison","volume":"57","author":"Moran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022929","article-title":"Increased cognitive load leads to impaired mobility decisions in seniors at risk for falls","volume":"26","author":"Nagamatsu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720820909287","article-title":"Restoring attentional resources with nature: a replication study of Berto's (2005) paradigm including commentary from Dr. Rita Berto","volume":"63","author":"Neilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-0629-1_1","article-title":"\u201cAttention to action,\u201d","author":"Norman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Consciousness and Self-Regulation"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12482","article-title":"Cognitive and affective processes for learning science in immersive virtual reality","volume":"37","author":"Parong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Learn."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2023.2286647","article-title":"Does the mere presence of a smartphone impact cognitive performance? A meta-analysis of the \u201cbrain drain effect\u201d","volume":"27","author":"Parry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Media Psychol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150525","article-title":"The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after","volume":"35","author":"Petersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"B53","author":"Queiroz","year":"2018"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-016-0285-9","article-title":"Review on cybersickness in applications and visual displays","volume":"20","author":"Rebenitsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virtual Real."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1145\/2957265.2961843","article-title":"Watching movies on Netflix: investigating the effect of screen size on viewer immersion","volume":"16","author":"Rigby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Mobile HCI '"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics7030051","article-title":"Longitudinal study on sustained attention to response task (SART): clustering approach for mobility and cognitive decline","volume":"7","author":"Rizzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(97)00015-8","article-title":"\u201cOops!\u201d: Performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects","volume":"35","author":"Robertson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.16.2.225","article-title":"Bayesian t tests for accepting and rejecting the null hypothesis","volume":"16","author":"Rouder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3934\/Neuroscience.2015.4.183","article-title":"Cognitive neuroscience of attention: from brain mechanisms to individual differences in efficiency","volume":"2","author":"Rueda","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIMS Neurosci."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2022.103717","article-title":"Reexamining the \u201cbrain drain\u201d effect: a replication of Ward et al. (2017)","volume":"230","author":"Ruiz Pardo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2023.103558","article-title":"Revisiting the link between the sustained attention to response task (SART) and daily-life cognitive failures","volume":"114","author":"Schepers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Conscious. Cogn."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0138","article-title":"Place illusion and plausibility illusion in virtual environments: a philosophical and technical analysis","volume":"364","author":"Slater","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"B63","article-title":"Healing media: the moderating role of presence in restoring from stress in a mediated environment","author":"Sponselee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Teleoperators Virtual Environ. Presence."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2018.1505571","article-title":"Attention restoration theory II: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Stevenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.4.1096","article-title":"PsyToolkit: a software package for programming psychological experiments using Linux","volume":"42","author":"Stoet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/0098628316677643","article-title":"PsyToolkit: a novel web-based method for running online questionnaires and reaction-time experiments","volume":"44","author":"Stoet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Teach. Psychol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-3539-9_4","article-title":"\u201cAesthetic and affective response to natural environment,\u201d","author":"Ulrich","year":"1983","journal-title":"Behavior and the Natural Environment"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0308","article-title":"Restorative effects of virtual nature settings","volume":"13","author":"Valtchanov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"B69","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analyzing small data sets using Bayesian estimation: a checklist for authors","volume":"12","author":"van de Schoot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-020-01798-5","article-title":"The JASP guidelines for conducting and reportinga Bayesian analysis","volume":"28","author":"van Doorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010188","article-title":"Restorative effects of observing natural and urban scenery after working memory depletion","volume":"20","author":"van Oordt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.21083\/surg.v8i2.3057","article-title":"The reduction of directed attention fatigue through exposure to visual nature stimuli","volume":"8","author":"Varkovetski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg J."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-017-1323-7","article-title":"Bayesian inference for psychology. Part II: example applications with JASP","volume":"25","author":"Wagenmakers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1086\/691462","article-title":"Brain drain: the mere presence of one's own smartphone reduces available cognitive capacity","volume":"2","author":"Ward","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Consum. Res."},{"key":"B75","author":"Wilcox","year":"2012"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00605","article-title":"Smartphones and cognition: a review","volume":"8","author":"Wilmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B77","volume-title":"Biophilia","author":"Wilson","year":"1986"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646329","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.646329","article-title":"Role of restorativeness in improving the psychological wellbeing of university students","volume":"12","author":"Yusli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S112","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2019.1577140","article-title":"Bayesian inference: parameter estimation for inference in small samples","volume":"21","author":"Zondervan-Zwijnenburg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1942295\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:40:09Z","timestamp":1788154809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1942295\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1942295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1942295","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"article-number":"1942295"}}