{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:06:01Z","timestamp":1789056361721,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research on college students\u2019 psychological resilience has long focused on stable protective and risk factors at the individual level, while paying insufficient attention to the recovery processes in response to daily micro-stressful contexts. Framed by the Conservation of Resources theory, this narrative review reconceptualizes resilience as the long-term outcome of sustained successful adaptation to everyday demands, a capacity that a daily recovery process helps to build and maintain. It specifies this process across three resources: sleep rhythm, daily interpersonal safety, and perceived academic control. This synthesis clarifies their recovery mechanisms, sources of vulnerability, and reinforcing pathways. On this basis, a three-dimensional daily recovery conceptual framework is proposed, which delineates two pathways of gain and loss dynamics and two temporal patterns of immediate transmission and cumulative trajectory. The framework shifts the research focus from static predictors of resilience to the daily conditions under which recovery occurs, and accordingly redirects intervention priorities toward providing systemic contextual supports that enable, rather than replace, the cultivation of individual capabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1944087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:07:22Z","timestamp":1789052842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["College students\u2019 psychological resilience and daily recovery: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Medical University","place":["Xinxiang, Henan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment III: Reference group executive summary spring 2024","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886344","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.886344","article-title":"Academic stress and mental well-being in college students: correlations, affected groups, and COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Barbayannis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2018.01.001","article-title":"Sleep in a large, multi-university sample of college students: sleep problem prevalence, sex differences, and mental health correlates","volume":"4","author":"Becker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3001733","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001733","article-title":"Sleep loss leads to the withdrawal of human helping across individuals, groups, and large-scale societies","volume":"20","author":"Ben-Simon","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.1.20","article-title":"Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events?","volume":"59","author":"Bonanno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331813","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1331813","article-title":"Impact of social support on the resilience of youth: mediating effects of coping styles","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102824","article-title":"Childhood trauma and depression in college students: mediating and moderating effects of psychological resilience","volume":"65","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2026.113715","article-title":"Interpersonal stressors, interpersonal sensitivity, and loneliness among college students: disentangling between- and within-person associations","volume":"255","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9469","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-023-05072-4","article-title":"Investigating state and trait aspects of resilience using generalizability theory","volume":"43","author":"Child","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.310","article-title":"Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis","volume":"98","author":"Cohen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31327","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-024-06707-w","article-title":"Effects of perceived academic stress on sleep quality among Chinese college students: mediating effects of social comparison, bedtime procrastination, and the protective role of emotion regulation","volume":"43","author":"Cong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10113","article-title":"Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC)","volume":"18","author":"Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12601","article-title":"Facilitating connection to enhance college student well-being: evaluation of an experiential group program","volume":"70","author":"Costello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Community Psychol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.09.023","article-title":"Circadian rhythms and mood disorders: time to see the light","volume":"112","author":"Dollish","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-23076-x","article-title":"The impact of loneliness on sleep quality in college students: a chained mediation model involving perceived stress and expressive suppression","volume":"15","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2020.101938","article-title":"An attribution-based motivation treatment to assist first-generation college students: a randomized treatment study","volume":"64","author":"Dryden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12953","article-title":"Predictor variables that affect the resilience of university students: the effect of chronotypes","volume":"58","author":"Eker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychiatr. Care"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1179\/2047480615Z.000000000329","article-title":"Writing narrative style literature reviews","volume":"24","author":"Ferrari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Writ."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-023-01148-z","article-title":"A review of the benefits and drawbacks of high-stakes final examinations in higher education","volume":"88","author":"French","year":"2024","journal-title":"High. Educ."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2025.2464762","article-title":"The impact of a remote, brief, sleep hygiene intervention on undergraduate students\u2019 sleep and stress: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"Ghoul","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Heal."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04783-z","article-title":"College students\u2019 learning stress, psychological resilience and learning burnout: status quo and coping strategies","volume":"23","author":"Gong","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijchp.2025.100548","article-title":"Restless nights, cold hearts: poor sleep causally blunts empathy","volume":"25","author":"Gordon-Hecker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-025-08643-9","article-title":"Why does my night seem so long? Dynamic reciprocal relationship between sleep health and rumination among college students","volume":"45","author":"Gu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-026-09078-6","article-title":"Quieting the night mind: a randomized controlled pilot study of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for sleep quality in college students","volume":"45","author":"Hao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11218-010-9130-2","article-title":"Attributional retraining: reducing the likelihood of failure","volume":"14","author":"Haynes-Stewart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Educ."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.3.513","article-title":"Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress","volume":"44","author":"Hobfoll","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.6.4.307","article-title":"Social and psychological resources and adaptation","volume":"6","author":"Hobfoll","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Gen. Psychol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8325.2010.02016.x","article-title":"Conservation of resource caravans and engaged settings","volume":"84","author":"Hobfoll","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Occup. Organ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859138","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1859138","article-title":"The impact of sound intervention on sleep quality and stress levels in college students: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Hou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2016.1227826","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of the resilience and coping intervention (RCI) with undergraduate university students","volume":"65","author":"Houston","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Heal."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2025.101586","article-title":"Psychological interventions for loneliness: a narrative review of recent findings and suggestions for future research","volume":"65","author":"Imwinkelried","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104480","article-title":"Psychological resilience and current stressful events as potential mediators between adverse childhood experiences and depression among college students in Eritrea","volume":"106","author":"Kelifa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422026","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1422026","article-title":"The relationship between peer support and sleep quality among Chinese college students: the mediating role of physical exercise atmosphere and the moderating effect of eHealth literacy","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0325212","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0325212","article-title":"A systematic review on the impact of social support on college students\u2019 wellbeing and mental health","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9544","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159544","article-title":"Effectiveness of digital cognitive behavior therapy for the treatment of insomnia: spillover effects of dCBT","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15337","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192215337","article-title":"Effectiveness of multidomain dormitory environment and roommate intervention for improving sleep quality of medical college students: a cluster randomised controlled trial in China","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580929","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1580929","article-title":"Psychological resources for academic buoyancy: the roles of growth mindset and emotional intelligence in Chinese university students","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-024-02785-0","article-title":"Bidirectional reduction effects of perceived stress and general self-efficacy among college students: a cross-lagged study","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Humanit. Soc. Sci. Commun."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S337361","article-title":"Social, biological and behavioral factors associated with social jet lag and sleep duration in university students from a low urbanized city","volume":"15","author":"Lopes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Multidiscip. Healthc."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326582","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1326582","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive tendencies among college students and the influence of attributional styles on depressive tendencies in the post-pandemic era","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00164","article-title":"The construct of resilience: a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work","volume":"71","author":"Luthar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2007.01.002","article-title":"Academic buoyancy: towards an understanding of students' everyday academic resilience","volume":"46","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sch. Psychol."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.3.227","article-title":"Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development","volume":"56","author":"Masten","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12205","article-title":"Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth","volume":"85","author":"Masten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1080\/02602938.2025.2548590","article-title":"Feedback, reflection and psychological safety: rethinking assessment for student well-being in higher education","volume":"51","author":"McGuire","year":"2026","journal-title":"Assess. Eval. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.046","article-title":"Perceived stress mediates the longitudinal effect of sleep quality on internalizing symptoms","volume":"373","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606721","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1606721","article-title":"Heterogeneity of dormitory interpersonal conflict coping style and its negative emotional characteristics among college students: based on latent profile analysis","volume":"16","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.93.4.776","article-title":"Academic control and action control in the achievement of college students: a longitudinal field study","volume":"93","author":"Perry","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2021.02.006","article-title":"Differences between male and female university students in sleepiness, weekday sleep loss, and weekend sleep duration","volume":"88","author":"Putilov","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13161948","article-title":"Stress, anxiety, and depression as psychological distress among college and undergraduate students: a scoping review of reviews guided by the socio-ecological model","volume":"13","author":"Roy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.12.3.204","article-title":"The recovery experience questionnaire: development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work","volume":"12","author":"Sonnentag","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.1002\/job.1924","article-title":"Recovery from job stress: the stressor-detachment model as an integrative framework","volume":"36","author":"Sonnentag","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsaf156","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaf156","article-title":"Longitudinal study of sleep in university freshmen: facilitating and competing activities","volume":"48","author":"Soon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s41105-023-00457-1","article-title":"Sleep quality and sleep deprivation: relationship with academic performance in university students during examination period","volume":"21","author":"Suardiaz-Muro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Biol. Rhythms"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0317125","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317125","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological treatments to improve sleep quality in university students","volume":"20","author":"Tadros","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-025-08991-6","article-title":"Tracking everyday emotional experiences in university students with the distinct mood assessment questionnaire","volume":"45","author":"van der Mee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185896","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1185896","article-title":"What complex factors influence sleep quality in college students? PLS-SEM vs. fsQCA","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.12743","article-title":"Antecedents of university students\u2019 self-leadership: the roles of teacher developmental feedback and student proactive vitality management","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.92.4.548","article-title":"An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion","volume":"92","author":"Weiner","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15111515","article-title":"The effect of upward social comparison on academic involution among college students: serial mediating effects of self-esteem and perceived stress","volume":"15","author":"Wen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behavioral Sci."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-020-00444-y","article-title":"Psychological resilience and positive coping styles among Chinese undergraduate students: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784775","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1784775","article-title":"Academic stress profiles and bedtime procrastination among college students: the mediating role of rumination and the moderating effect of perceived stress","volume":"17","author":"Xiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677658","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1677658","article-title":"The impact of dormitory atmosphere on academic performance in medical university: a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793326","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1793326","article-title":"Understanding academic resilience over time through psychological resources and social support in the Yangtze River Delta region of China","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s41155-024-00294-2","article-title":"Effects of stress on sleep quality: multiple mediating effects of rumination and social anxiety","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psicologia, reflexao e critica"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1944087\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:07:23Z","timestamp":1789052843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1944087\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1944087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1944087","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"article-number":"1944087"}}