{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:57:09Z","timestamp":1790575029016,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study examined the serial mediation role of artificial intelligence anxiety and learning engagement in the relationship between pre-service teachers\u2019 curriculum satisfaction and social\u2013emotional competencies. This study included 550 pre-service teachers from a public university in T\u00fcrkiye. This correlational study used the IBM SPSS PROCESS macro (Model 6-Two-Mediator Serial Mediation Analysis\/Model). In this study, the scales of student satisfaction, artificial intelligence anxiety, student engagement, and social\u2013emotional expertise were used as data collection tools. To provide a coherent and integrated understanding of the structural relationships, this study was grounded in the input-process-output framework. In this model, curriculum satisfaction was regarded as an input. Artificial intelligence anxiety and learning engagement were regarded as processes. Social\u2013emotional competencies were regarded as an output within the framework. As a result, curriculum satisfaction was negatively associated with artificial intelligence anxiety. Artificial intelligence anxiety was negatively associated with learning engagement. Learning engagement was positively associated with social\u2013emotional competencies. Curriculum satisfaction was also positively associated with social\u2013emotional competencies. When the model included artificial intelligence anxiety and learning engagement simultaneously, the relationship between curriculum satisfaction and social\u2013emotional competencies was reduced but remained statistically significant. In line with these results, artificial intelligence anxiety and learning engagement played a partial serial mediation role in the relationship between curriculum satisfaction and social\u2013emotional competencies (\u03b2\u202f=\u202f0.051, SE\u202f=\u202f0.010, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f[0.028, 0.074],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01). The findings may help clarify the importance of curriculum satisfaction, artificial intelligence anxiety, learning engagement, and social\u2013emotional competencies together when designing teacher training curriculum.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1951569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:44:16Z","timestamp":1790574256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Curriculum satisfaction and pre-service teachers\u2019 social\u2013emotional competencies: the serial mediation role of artificial intelligence anxiety and learning engagement"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Asil","family":"Derin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Kafkas University","place":["Kars, T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.29023\/alanyaakademik.833668","article-title":"Yapay Zek\u00e2 Kayg\u0131 (YZK) \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi: T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye uyarlama, ge\u00e7erlik ve g\u00fcvenirlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 [Artificial Intelligence Anxiety (AIA) Scale: Adaptation to Turkish, validity and reliability study]","volume":"5","author":"Akkaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alanya Akademik Bak\u0131\u015f"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-026-04154-9","article-title":"The association between teachers\u2019 cognitive and psychological capacities, their well-being, and implications for professional effectiveness: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Al-Thani","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.21733\/ibad.839544","article-title":"Sosyal-Duygusal Yetkinlik \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi\u2019nin T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye uyarlanmas\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilirlik-ge\u00e7erlilik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 [Adaptation of Social-Emotional Expertise Scale to Turkish: Reliability and validity study]","volume":"10","author":"Ay","year":"2021","journal-title":"IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s41979-024-00121-4","article-title":"Exploring factors that support pre-service teachers\u2019 engagement in learning artificial intelligence","volume":"8","author":"Ayanwale","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. STEM Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-025-02348-0","article-title":"Are Turkish pre-service teachers worried about AI? A study on AI anxiety and digital literacy","volume":"40","author":"Aydu\u011f","year":"2025","journal-title":"AI Soc."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.51535\/tell.1348861","article-title":"Higher education quality indicators: a scale development study","volume":"5","author":"Bahat","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Teacher Educ. Lifelong Learn."},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Engaging the Curriculum in Higher Education","author":"Barnett","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.18576\/amis\/190205","article-title":"The effect of artificial intelligence on enhancing education quality and reduce the levels of future anxiety among Jordanian teachers","volume":"19","author":"Beirat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"41","article-title":"Input, process, output: a model for evaluating training","volume":"44","author":"Bushnell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Train. Dev. J."},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleri [Scientific Research Methods]","author":"B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00f6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1810689","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1810689","article-title":"The predictive effects of AI anxiety on 21st century skills and lifelong learning tendencies: a study of pre-service teachers in northern Cyprus","volume":"17","author":"Canta\u015f","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7991","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-025-07433-7","article-title":"Generative artificial intelligence acceptance and artificial intelligence anxiety among university students: the sequential mediating role of attitudes toward artificial intelligence and literacy","volume":"44","author":"Cengiz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105979","article-title":"Prevention of AI learning anxiety: the chain mediation role of technophilia and AI self-efficacy under the context of teacher support","volume":"261","author":"Chai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe10030061","article-title":"Integrating social emotional learning strategies in higher education","volume":"10","author":"Chiara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro. J. Invest. Health Psychol. Educ.n"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"CASEL\u2019S SEL framework: what are the core competence areas and where are they promoted?","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"The new CoHE continues to delegate authority to universities","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Ethics guide of generative artificial intelligence","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research","author":"Creswell","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/02619768.2017.1315399","article-title":"Teacher education around the world: what can we learn from international practice?","volume":"40","author":"Darling-Hammond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105466","article-title":"Navigating anxiety in digital learning: how AI-driven personalization and emotion recognition shape EFL students\u2019 engagement","volume":"260","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.18488\/61.v12i3.3747","article-title":"Pre-service music teachers\u2019 satisfaction with the teacher education curriculum in northern China","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Pract."},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"How to design and Evaluate Research in Education","author":"Fraenkel","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5875","DOI":"10.10000\/IJLMH.1110725","article-title":"Integrating artificial intelligence in teacher education: opportunities and challenges","volume":"8","author":"Goyal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Law Manage. Human."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.56868\/jadhur.v4i3.310","article-title":"Artificial intelligence literacy and ethical digital governance: pathways of multi-stakeholder collaboration and value alignment","volume":"4","author":"Hao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Human. Res."},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional process Analysis: A Regression-based Approach","author":"Hayes","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691620966789","article-title":"Student motivation and associated outcomes: a meta-analysis from self-determination theory","volume":"16","author":"Howard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18009\/jcer.1742147","article-title":"A study on AI-related anxiety among pre-service teachers","volume":"14","author":"H\u00fcnd\u00fcr","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Computer Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654308325693","article-title":"The prosocial classroom: teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes","volume":"79","author":"Jennings","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling","author":"Kline","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1525192","article-title":"Impact of collaborative learning on student engagement in college English programs: mediating effect of peer support and moderating role of group size","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16020171","article-title":"Self-concept clarity and AI anxiety in graduate students: mediating roles of intentional self-regulation and perceived stress and moderating role of intolerance of uncertainty","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756766","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1756766","article-title":"Linking social\u2013emotional competence, learning engagement, and teacher-student relationship to academic achievement: a structural equation model approach","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.992665","article-title":"Teaching style and academic engagement in pre-service teachers during the COVID-19 lockdown: mediation of motivational climate","volume":"13","author":"Lopez-Garcia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"Intelligence Unleashed: An Argument for AI in Education","author":"Luckin","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.23856\/6604","article-title":"The role of soft skills in teacher training in the modern educational process","volume":"66","author":"Malynovska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. J. Pol. Univ."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.12.1.23","article-title":"Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation","volume":"12","author":"Maxwell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191118794866","article-title":"Social-emotional expertise (SEE) scale: development and initial validation","volume":"27","author":"McBrien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"T\u00fcrkiye artificial intelligence action plan 2026-2030","year":"2026"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12748","article-title":"Digital active learning strategies in blended environments to develop students' social and emotional learning skills and engagement in higher education","volume":"59","author":"Mujallid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Educ."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891678","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1891678","article-title":"Supporting social-emotional competence in pre-service teachers: evidence from higher learning teacher education institutions in Tanzania","volume":"17","author":"Mwananyama","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.3390\/bs16071202","article-title":"Academic self-efficacy and academic burnout among college students: the chain-mediating roles of self-control and learning engagement","volume":"16","author":"Niu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Behav. Sci. (Basel)"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"\u00dcniversite \u00f6\u011frencilerinin \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerine g\u00fcveni ve derse kat\u0131l\u0131m d\u00fczeyleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki [On the Relationship between Trust in Instructors and Student Engagement], Unpublished Manuscript","author":"\u00d6zer","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-120710-100452","article-title":"Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it","volume":"63","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effectiveness of student satisfaction with web-based compared to traditional in-service teacher education courses","volume":"42","author":"Pucel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. STEM Teach. Educ."},{"key":"ref46","volume-title":"European Framework for the digital Competence of Educators: Digcompedu","author":"Redecker","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/03634520903505936","article-title":"Student participation in the college classroom: an extended multidisciplinary literature review","volume":"59","author":"Rocca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Commun. Educ."},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"106","article-title":"E\u011fitim fak\u00fcltesinde hizmet kalitesinin e\u011fitim fak\u00fcltesi \u00f6\u011frenci memnuniyet \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi (EF-\u00d6M\u00d6) ile de\u011ferlendirilmesi [assessing service quality in faculty of education via student satisfaction scale (FE-SSS)]","volume":"37","author":"\u015eahin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hacettepe Univ. Egit. Fak. Derg."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2019.03.001","article-title":"Unpacking teachers\u2019 intentions to integrate technology: a meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Scherer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Educ. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-02967-8","article-title":"The impact of digital technology use on EFL students\u2019 English academic performance: the mediating roles of emotional intelligence and learning engagement","volume":"13","author":"Shao","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440241293030","article-title":"Perceived academic satisfaction of fourth-year pre-service teachers","volume":"15","author":"Soliba","year":"2025","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-011-9170-y","article-title":"Teacher wellbeing: the importance of teacher\u2013student relationships","volume":"23","author":"Spilt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.12748","article-title":"Teacher educators as gatekeepers: preparing the next generation of teachers for technology integration in education","volume":"50","author":"Tondeur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Technol."},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Global Education Monitoring Report 2023: Technology in Education: A tool on whose Terms?","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2016.08.013","article-title":"A serial mediation model testing early adversity, self-concept clarity, and thin-ideal internalization as predictors of body dissatisfaction","volume":"19","author":"Vartanian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-025-01484-2","article-title":"Fostering resilience among university students: the role of teaching and learning environments","volume":"91","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"High. Educ."},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/bs14050373","article-title":"Pre-service teachers\u2019 GenAI anxiety, technology self-efficacy, and TPACK: their structural relations with behavioral intention to design GenAI-assisted teaching","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2019.1674887","article-title":"Development and validation of an artificial intelligence anxiety scale: an initial application in predicting motivated learning behavior","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Interact. Learn. Environ."},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4773","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-025-00783-9","article-title":"A systematic review of AI anxiety in education","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"AI Ethics"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1405676","article-title":"Enhancing wellbeing among pre-service teachers through a mindfulness-based social and emotional learning curriculum: a quasi-experimental study in China","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-019-0171-0","article-title":"Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education: where are the educators?","volume":"16","author":"Zawacki-Richter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1513538","article-title":"The impact of perceived teacher support on students\u2019 learning approach: the chain mediating role of academic engagement and achievement goal orientation","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1951569\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:44:19Z","timestamp":1790574259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1951569\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1951569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1951569","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"article-number":"1951569"}}