{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:09:44Z","timestamp":1789016984144,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Positive leadership is frequently associated with work engagement, but it remains unclear whether teachers\u2019 perceptions of displayed charismatic leadership behaviors are directly associated with engagement or are linked to it through distinct professional resources. This study examined the indirect associations connecting perceived charismatic leadership with teachers\u2019 work engagement through professional efficacy, professional belonging, and professional values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with 248 higher education teachers recruited through convenience sampling in Shandong Province, China. The measurement items were adapted from established scales and localized through translation or wording review, expert review, pilot testing, and revision. Confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrap analysis of specific indirect associations were used to evaluate the proposed model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perceived charismatic leadership was positively associated with professional efficacy and professional values but was not uniquely associated with work engagement or professional belonging in the structural model. Professional efficacy and professional values were positively associated with work engagement and yielded significant specific indirect associations between perceived charismatic leadership and work engagement. The corresponding indirect association through professional belonging was not significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pattern is consistent with the proposition that perceived charismatic leadership is related to teachers\u2019 work engagement primarily through capability- and meaning-related professional resources. Because the data are cross-sectional and based on adapted self-report measures, the estimates should not be interpreted as evidence of temporal or causal mediation. Subject to longitudinal confirmation, higher education leaders may benefit from pairing inspirational communication with concrete support for capability development and credible professional-purpose formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1956141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:29:06Z","timestamp":1789014546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perceived charismatic leadership and work engagement among higher education teachers: differential indirect associations through professional efficacy, belonging, and values"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of General Education, Shandong Huayu University of Technology","place":["Dezhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Education Examinations Authority","place":["Shijiazhuang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dezhou Information Engineering Secondary Vocational School","place":["Dezhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.47297\/wspchrmWSP2040-800507.20251601","article-title":"Beyond leadership: How transformational leaders foster organizational citizenship and engagement through psychological empowerment.","volume":"16","author":"Abdulrab","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Chin. Hum. Resources Manag."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459190","DOI":"10.1080\/00049530.2025.2459190","article-title":"What facilitates a sense of belonging amongst Australian teachers?","volume":"77","author":"Allen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aus. J. Psychol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21582440241233400","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440241233378","article-title":"Leadership practices and work engagement in higher education: The mediating role of job demands-resources.","volume":"14","author":"Atiku","year":"2024","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1108\/02683940710733115","article-title":"The job demands-resources model: State of the art.","volume":"22","author":"Bakker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Manag. Psychol."},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control.","author":"Bandura","year":"1997"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771905","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2026.1771905","article-title":"\u2018Your opinion is counted even though you\u2019re new here\u2019: Experiences that enhance teacher belonging.","volume":"11","author":"Bjorklund","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Educ."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1037\/ocp0000082","article-title":"Daily job demands and employee work engagement: The role of daily transformational leadership behavior.","volume":"23","author":"Breevaart","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health Psychol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1936-4490.2000.tb00234.x","article-title":"A meta-analysis to review organizational outcomes related to charismatic leadership.","volume":"17","author":"DeGroot","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can. J. Admin. Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.5465\/annals.2020.0340","article-title":"Leadership styles: A comprehensive assessment and way forward.","volume":"17","author":"Fischer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Annals"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2307\/3151312","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error.","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Market. Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1996.78.1.271","article-title":"A quantitative review of research on charismatic leadership.","volume":"78","author":"Fuller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803220","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1803220","article-title":"From inclusive leadership to thriving at work: The mediating and moderating roles of teaching efficacy and professional identity.","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.06.274","article-title":"Linking transformational leadership to work engagement and the mediator effect of job autonomy: A study in a Turkish private non-profit university.","volume":"195","author":"G\u00f6z\u00fckara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci15050585","article-title":"The role of public service motivation in enhancing job performance: A study of college counselors in China.","volume":"15","author":"Guan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Educ. Sci."},{"key":"B15","volume-title":"Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach","author":"Hayes","year":"2022"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/10690727251332587","article-title":"Expanding links between work values and occupations: Development of the Occupational Values Inventory (OVI).","volume":"34","author":"Heimpel","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Career Assess."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","article-title":"A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling.","volume":"43","author":"Henseler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acad. Market. Sci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives.","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct. Equat. Model."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.5465\/256287","article-title":"Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work.","volume":"33","author":"Kahn","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158244019899085","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244019899085","article-title":"Transformational leadership and job performance: The mediating role of work engagement.","volume":"10","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a3326","DOI":"10.4102\/sajhrm.v24i0.3326","article-title":"Transformational leadership and innovation in Vietnamese higher education: The serial mediating roles of engagement and citizenship behaviour.","volume":"24","author":"Le","year":"2026","journal-title":"SA J. Hum. Resource Manag."},{"key":"B22","first-page":"97","article-title":"The structure and measurement of transformational leadership.","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Psychol. Sinica"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777257","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1777257","article-title":"How transformational leadership is associated with primary and secondary school teachers\u2019 social-emotional competence: A multiple mediation analysis.","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.13445\/j.cnki.t.e.r.2018.02.011","article-title":"Model construction and scale development of teachers\u2019 professional identity.","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Teach. Educ. Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0350574","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0350574","article-title":"Transformational leadership and teacher resilience in Chinese universities: The chain mediating role of perceived organisational support and work engagement.","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1177\/23294884251326261","article-title":"Charismatic leadership communication in CSA initiatives: Examining its impacts on employee engagement and cross-cutting discussion.","volume":"63","author":"Liang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Intern. J. Bus. Commun."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-026-04671-7","article-title":"How shared instructional leadership is associated with teacher job satisfaction: The role of self-efficacy and professional resilience.","volume":"14","author":"Limon","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1080\/15700763.2020.1811879","article-title":"Transformational leadership and its relations to teacher outcomes in Singapore: Mastery goals and self-efficacy as mediators.","volume":"21","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leadership Pol. Schools"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.2.130","article-title":"Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling.","volume":"1","author":"MacCallum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11218-026-10184-3","article-title":"Early childhood education settings are also organizations: Indirect associations between transformational leadership and children\u2019s autonomy support through teachers\u2019 self-efficacy and work engagement.","volume":"29","author":"Mar\u00e7alo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Educ."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.3390\/su18073349","article-title":"Leadership, value congruence and work engagement: A two-wave study.","volume":"18","author":"Mastrorilli","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1348\/096317904322915892","article-title":"The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work.","volume":"77","author":"May","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Occupat. Organ. Psychol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941211051988","article-title":"Work engagement: A meta-analysis using the job demands-resources model.","volume":"126","author":"Mazzetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709029","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2026.1709029","article-title":"Teacher wellbeing in schools: A systematic review of job demands and job resources.","volume":"11","author":"Moens","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Educ."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-04109-2","article-title":"The impact of professional values on the quality of professional life among ICU nurses in China: A cross-sectional study.","volume":"24","author":"Ni","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nursing"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438872","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1438872","article-title":"Sources of trust in the healthcare context: A multilevel relationship with work engagement and organisational outcomes.","volume":"15","author":"Olvera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s12564-023-09874-w","article-title":"School- and teacher-level predictors of organizational loyalty in an era of school reform.","volume":"25","author":"\u00d6zdemir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Educ. Rev."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies.","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1108\/LODJ-01-2020-0014","article-title":"How engaging leaders foster employees\u2019 work engagement.","volume":"41","author":"Rahmadani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leadership Organ. Dev. J."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428109332834","article-title":"A tale of three perspectives: Examining post hoc statistical techniques for detection and correction of common method variance.","volume":"12","author":"Richardson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Organ. Res. Methods"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164405282471","article-title":"The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study.","volume":"66","author":"Schaufeli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Measurement"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0320839","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320839","article-title":"The impact of authentic leadership on the work engagement of primary and secondary school teachers: The serial mediation role of school climate and teacher efficacy.","volume":"20","author":"Shao","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2010.12.011","article-title":"Do transformational leaders enhance their followers\u2019 daily work engagement?","volume":"22","author":"Tims","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leadership Quar."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.6018\/analesps.31.2.179561","article-title":"Fostering engaged employees: The role of leadership and self-efficacy.","volume":"31","author":"Tripiana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Psicol."},{"key":"B45","first-page":"499","article-title":"The Theory of Charismatic Leadership","volume-title":"Leadership Perspectives","author":"Tucker","year":"2003"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4269","DOI":"10.1007\/s13384-025-00897-3","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 sense of belonging in school: A scoping review.","volume":"52","author":"Wator","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aus. Educ. Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-08201-8","article-title":"The relationship between paternalistic leadership and work engagement of medical university teachers: The mediating role of self-efficacy.","volume":"25","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med. Educ."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750523","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1750523","article-title":"Servant leadership and volunteer work engagement in blood donation services: The serial mediating roles of mission valence and volunteer motivation with the moderating role of team atmosphere.","volume":"17","author":"Xie","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589958","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1589958","article-title":"The relationship between principal instructional leadership and teacher self-efficacy in student engagement and classroom management: A cross-sectional study in China.","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13603124.2026.2643450","article-title":"From \u2018meant to be\u2019 to \u2018passionate to be\u2019: The roles of calling, transformational leadership, and self-efficacy in teacher work engagement.","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Intern. J. Leadership Educ."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1956141\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:29:08Z","timestamp":1789014548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1956141\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1956141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1956141","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"article-number":"1956141"}}