{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:53:16Z","timestamp":1791175996011,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study analyzed how the perceived organizational silence climate held by members of digital platform service organizations is related to turnover intention through learned helplessness, psychological withdrawal, and job burnout. The perceived organizational silence climate is defined here as an individual-level psychological climate perception: the degree to which an individual employee perceives that a belief is prevalent within the organization that raising problems or expressing opinions is of no use or may lead to disadvantages. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 346 employees working at digital platform service firms in South Korea. After the validity of the measurement model was examined through confirmatory factor analysis, the relationships among the variables were analyzed using latent-variable structural equation modeling, and the model-implied indirect associations were estimated with bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals based on 5,000 resamples. The results showed that the perceived organizational silence climate was positively associated with learned helplessness, psychological withdrawal, and job burnout. All three variables were also positively associated with turnover intention. Each model-implied indirect association through learned helplessness, psychological withdrawal, and job burnout was statistically significant, whereas the direct association was not. Pairwise comparisons of the three specific indirect associations were not statistically significant, indicating that the three pathways could not be distinguished in magnitude. These findings extend the focus of organizational silence research from individual silence behavior to employees\u2019 perception of the organizational silence climate and test, within a single parallel mediation model, the cognitive, behavioral-relational, and affective pathways that connect the organizational silence climate to turnover intention. The findings further suggest that, to manage turnover intention, it is necessary to diagnose employees\u2019 perceptions of both the futility and the riskiness of voice and to improve organizational environments in which the usefulness of expressing opinions is perceived to be low or the possibility of disadvantage is perceived to be high. The data are cross-sectional and were collected from a single source. The estimates reported here therefore describe associations rather than causal effects, and the model-implied indirect associations require confirmation in longitudinal or multiwave designs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1962689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:36:39Z","timestamp":1791174999000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perceived organizational silence climate and turnover intention: indirect associations through learned helplessness, psychological withdrawal, and job burnout"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wooik","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul Business School, aSSIST University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul Business School, aSSIST University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.87.1.49","article-title":"Learned helplessness in humans: critique and reformulation","volume":"87","author":"Abramson","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2011.03.007","article-title":"A meta-analysis of burnout with job demands, resources, and attitudes","volume":"79","author":"Alarcon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vocat. Behav."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.3.411","article-title":"Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach","volume":"103","author":"Anderson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1108\/02683940710733115","article-title":"The job demands\u2013resources model: state of the art","volume":"22","author":"Bakker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Manag. Psychol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206314558302","article-title":"When voice matters: a multilevel review of the impact of voice in organizations","volume":"41","author":"Bashshur","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Manag."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/job.1829","article-title":"Employee silence motives: investigation of dimensionality and development of measures","volume":"34","author":"Brinsfield","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Assessing Organizational Change: A Guide to Methods, Measures, and Practices","author":"Cammann","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698652","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1698652","article-title":"The impact of destructive leadership on turnover intention among Chinese technology professionals: the mediating role of job burnout and the moderating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1002\/job.2191","article-title":"Tired of innovations? Learned helplessness and fatigue in the context of continuous streams of innovation implementation","volume":"38","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606215","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.606215","article-title":"Examining the mediating role of organisational support on the relationship between organisational cynicism and turnover intention in technology firms in Istanbul","volume":"12","author":"Cicek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.4.558","article-title":"Testing mediational models with longitudinal data: questions and tips in the use of structural equation modeling","volume":"112","author":"Cole","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206305279602","article-title":"Social exchange theory: an interdisciplinary review","volume":"31","author":"Cropanzano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Manag."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1177\/0001839219867024","article-title":"Working for an algorithm: power asymmetries and agency in online work settings","volume":"65","author":"Curchod","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adm. Sci. Q."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.1.16","article-title":"The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis","volume":"1","author":"Curran","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1057\/s41265-016-0033-3","article-title":"The digital platform: a research agenda","volume":"33","author":"de Reuver","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.86.3.499","article-title":"The job demands-resources model of burnout","volume":"86","author":"Demerouti","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2011.61967925","article-title":"Implicit voice theories: taken-for-granted rules of self-censorship at work","volume":"54","author":"Detert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662897","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1662897","article-title":"How relationship-oriented behavior influences employee voice-silence conversion in cross-cultural virtual teams: the mediating role of psychological safety","volume":"16","author":"Dong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531541","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1531541","article-title":"Life against algorithmic management: a study on burnout and its influencing factors among food delivery riders","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/1748-8583.12258","article-title":"Algorithmic management and app-work in the gig economy: a research agenda for employment relations and HRM","volume":"30","author":"Duggan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091305","article-title":"Psychological safety: the history, renaissance, and future of an interpersonal construct","volume":"1","author":"Edmondson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/peps.12183","article-title":"Psychological safety: a meta-analytic review and extension","volume":"70","author":"Frazier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pers. Psychol."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206315615400","article-title":"Self-estrangement\u2019s toll on job performance: the pivotal role of social exchange relationships with coworkers","volume":"44","author":"Golden","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manag."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1108\/EBR-11-2018-0203","article-title":"When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM","volume":"31","author":"Hair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1080\/02678370500340728","article-title":"The construct validity of an alternative measure of burnout: investigating the English translation of the Oldenburg burnout inventory","volume":"19","author":"Halbesleben","year":"2005","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1177\/2397002216649856","article-title":"Employee silence in the context of unethical behavior at work: a commentary","volume":"30","author":"Harlos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ger. J. Hum. Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","article-title":"A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling","volume":"43","author":"Henseler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acad. Mark. Sci."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.44.3.513","article-title":"Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress","volume":"44","author":"Hobfoll","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124183011003003","article-title":"The analysis of covariance structures: goodness-of-fit indices","volume":"11","author":"Hoelter","year":"1983","journal-title":"Sociol. Methods Res."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/1748-8583.70013","article-title":"The influence of workload, employee silence and trust in management on work outcomes among Australian allied health workers during COVID-19","volume":"36","author":"Holland","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct. Equ. Model."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398815","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1398815","article-title":"The effects of psychological safety and employee voice behavior on flight attendants\u2019 mindful safety practices adoption","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699421","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1699421","article-title":"The impact of workload and emotional demands on turnover intentions: the mediating and moderating effects of job burnout","volume":"16","author":"Hung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM1001_6","article-title":"Revisiting sample size and number of parameter estimates: some support for the N:q hypothesis","volume":"10","author":"Jackson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Struct. Equ. Model."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/13594320701662550","article-title":"Organizational and psychological climate: a review of theory and research","volume":"17","author":"James","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.5465\/256287","article-title":"Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work","volume":"33","author":"Kahn","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213302","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2023.2213302","article-title":"Employee silence, job burnout and job engagement among teachers: the mediational role of psychological safety","volume":"11","author":"Kassandrinou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Psychol. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21582440251414812","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440251414812","article-title":"Unpacking the effect of organizational silence on teachers\u2019 turnover intention: the mediating role of work alienation","volume":"16","author":"Kat\u0131ta\u015f","year":"2026","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.5465\/annals.2018.0174","article-title":"Algorithms at work: the new contested terrain of control","volume":"14","author":"Kellogg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Ann."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3390\/systems12110460","article-title":"The impact of quiet quitting on turnover intentions in the era of digital transformation: the mediating roles of job satisfaction and affective commitment, and the moderating role of psychological safety","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Systems"},{"key":"ref42","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling","author":"Kline","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-012-1308-4","article-title":"Do I hear the whistle\u2026? A first attempt to measure four forms of employee silence and their correlates","volume":"113","author":"Knoll","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/02678370500297720","article-title":"The Copenhagen burnout inventory: a new tool for the assessment of burnout","volume":"19","author":"Kristensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrmr.2018.06.002","article-title":"Employee voice viewed through a cross-cultural lens","volume":"30","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111579","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1111579","article-title":"An integrative systematic review of employee silence and voice in healthcare: what are we really measuring?","volume":"14","author":"Lainidi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psych."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2025.2509074","article-title":"Associations between burnout, employee silence and voice: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Lainidi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Psychol. Health"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.77.3.309","article-title":"Employee substance use and on-the-job behaviors","volume":"77","author":"Lehman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/02678373.2018.1529065","article-title":"The job demands\u2013resources model: a meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies","volume":"33","author":"Lesener","year":"2019","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2010.0176","article-title":"Psychological antecedents of promotive and prohibitive voice: a two-wave examination","volume":"55","author":"Liang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038066","article-title":"How and when peers\u2019 positive mood influences employees\u2019 voice","volume":"100","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emj.2022.12.004","article-title":"Employee silence in an organizational context: a review and research agenda","volume":"41","author":"Lotfi Dehkharghani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.2.130","article-title":"Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling","volume":"1","author":"MacCallum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/job.4030020205","article-title":"The measurement of experienced burnout","volume":"2","author":"Maslach","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Occup. Behav."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.397","article-title":"Job burnout","volume":"52","author":"Maslach","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.12.1.23","article-title":"Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation","volume":"12","author":"Maxwell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.606716","article-title":"Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation: partial and complete mediation under an autoregressive model","volume":"46","author":"Maxwell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"640","article-title":"Witnessing bullying at work: employee silence in higher education institutions","volume-title":"High. Educ. Q.","author":"Mazzone","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6486.00387","article-title":"An exploratory study of employee silence: issues that employees don\u2019t communicate upward and why","volume":"40","author":"Milliken","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Manag. Stud."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.62.2.237","article-title":"Intermediate linkages in the relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover","volume":"62","author":"Mobley","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2015.1018589","article-title":"Predicting nurses\u2019 turnover: the aversive effects of decreased identity, poor interpersonal communication, and learned helplessness","volume":"20","author":"Moreland","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-120920-054654","article-title":"Employee voice and silence: taking stock a decade later","volume":"10","author":"Morrison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2000.3707697","article-title":"Organizational silence: a barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world","volume":"25","author":"Morrison","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020744","article-title":"Speaking up in groups: a cross-level study of group voice climate and voice","volume":"96","author":"Morrison","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1108\/00251741011041373","article-title":"An exploration of factors predicting work alienation of knowledge workers","volume":"48","author":"Nair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Manag. Decis."},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2017\/41:1.03","article-title":"Digital innovation management: reinventing innovation management research in a digital world","volume":"41","author":"Nambisan","year":"2017","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrmr.2021.100838","article-title":"Algorithms as work designers: how algorithmic management influences the design of jobs","volume":"32","author":"Parent-Rocheleau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70059","DOI":"10.1111\/joop.70059","article-title":"A 10-week longitudinal study of voice and silence: revealing the energy and social dynamics of speaking up and staying silent","volume":"98","author":"Parker","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Occup. Organ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879","article-title":"Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models","volume":"40","author":"Preacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-198801000-00003","article-title":"Development of a measure of learned helplessness","volume":"37","author":"Quinless","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2010.51468988","article-title":"Job engagement: antecedents and effects on job performance","volume":"53","author":"Rich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25152459221095827","DOI":"10.1177\/25152459221095827","article-title":"That's a lot to process! Pitfalls of popular path models","volume":"5","author":"Rohrer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Methods Pract. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428112474693","article-title":"A critical examination of common beliefs about partial least squares path modeling","volume":"16","author":"R\u00f6nkk\u00f6","year":"2013","journal-title":"Organ. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1108\/02683940610690169","article-title":"Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement","volume":"21","author":"Saks","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Manag. Psychol."},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1108\/CG-04-2025-0212","article-title":"Workplace happiness, hopelessness, and turnover intention: a gender-based multigroup analysis in an emerging market","volume":"25","author":"Salazar-Altamirano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Corp. Gov."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/job.248","article-title":"Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi-sample study","volume":"25","author":"Schaufeli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143809","article-title":"Organizational climate and culture","volume":"64","author":"Schneider","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2018.1428","article-title":"Distinguishing voice and silence at work: unique relationships with perceived impact, psychological safety, and burnout","volume":"64","author":"Sherf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00338","article-title":"Transcultural adaptation of the Oldenburg burnout inventory (OLBI) for Brazil and Portugal","volume":"10","author":"Sinval","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2010.01.003","article-title":"Born to burnout: a meta-analytic path model of personality, job burnout, and work outcomes","volume":"76","author":"Swider","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vocat. Behav."},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.2008.00105.x","article-title":"Employee silence on critical work issues: the cross-level effects of procedural justice climate","volume":"61","author":"Tangirala","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pers. Psychol."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033938","article-title":"The mediating effects of emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and learned helplessness on organizational justice\u2013turnover intentions linkage","volume":"20","author":"Tayfur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Stress. Manag."},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00874.x","article-title":"Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: path analyses based on meta-analytic findings","volume":"46","author":"Tett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pers. Psychol."},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1108\/01425450510611997","article-title":"Antecedents and consequences of organisational silence: an empirical investigation","volume":"27","author":"Vakola","year":"2005","journal-title":"Employee Relat."},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6486.00384","article-title":"Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs","volume":"40","author":"Van Dyne","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Manag. Stud."},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164413495237","article-title":"Sample size requirements for structural equation models: an evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety","volume":"73","author":"Wolf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921161","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.921161","article-title":"How workplace incivility leads to work alienation: a moderated mediation model","volume":"13","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leaqua.2015.03.002","article-title":"The bad boss takes it all: how abusive supervision and leader\u2013member exchange interact to influence employee silence","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leadersh. Q."},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620530","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1620530","article-title":"Achieving sustainable development in China: a moderated mediation model of guanxi HRM practices","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1962689\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:36:51Z","timestamp":1791175011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1962689\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1962689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1962689","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-1078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-1078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"article-number":"1962689"}}