{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T11:25:08Z","timestamp":1769858708480,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538092800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T04:55:32Z","timestamp":1538110532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Baclofen in the Treatment of Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder and Other Mental Health Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Roberta","family":"Agabio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Leggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5).","year":"2013"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31679-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"Forouzanfar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31460-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2016.1246752","article-title":"WFSBP task force on treatment guidelines for substance use disorders. guidelines for biological treatment of substance use and related disorders, part 1: alcoholism, first revision","volume":"18","author":"Soyka","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.1750101","article-title":"The american psychiatric association practice guideline for the pharmacological treatment of patients with alcohol use disorder","volume":"175","author":"Reus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13965","article-title":"Review article: pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence - the why, the what and the wherefore","volume":"45","author":"Goh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2017.1349098","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of alcoholism - an update on approved and off-label medications","volume":"18","author":"Soyka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables","year":"2017"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.07.018","article-title":"Alcohol and opioid dependence medications: prescription trends, overall and by physician specialty","volume":"99","author":"Mark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-008-9080-z","article-title":"Typologies of alcohol dependence","volume":"19","author":"Leggio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12643","article-title":"The pharmacogenetics of alcohol use disorder","volume":"39","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2018.1404025","article-title":"Alcohol addiction\u2013the safety of available approved treatment options","volume":"17","author":"Antonelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-016-0416-y","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: comprehensive review of evidence","volume":"39","author":"Sinclair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584","article-title":"Epidemiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: results ffrom the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions III","volume":"72","author":"Grant","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12010112","article-title":"Current status of co-occurring mood and substance use disorders: a new therapeutic target","volume":"170","author":"Pettinati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13093","article-title":"Discovery, development, and adoption of medications to treat alcohol use disorder: goals for the phases of medications development","volume":"40","author":"Litten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2017_79","article-title":"Advances in pharmacotherapy development: human clinical studies","volume-title":"Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology.","author":"Litten","year":"2017"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.4760","article-title":"More treatments on deck for alcohol use disorder","volume":"317","author":"Lyon","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46044-4_15","article-title":"Targeting the GABAB receptor for the treatment of alcohol use disorder","volume-title":"GABAB Receptor.","author":"Agabio","year":"2016"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03752.x","article-title":"Alcohol-dependence: the current French craze for baclofen","volume":"107","author":"Rolland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46044-4_12","article-title":"Targeting the GABAB receptor for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders","volume-title":"GABAB Receptor","author":"Felice","year":"2016"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.02.006","article-title":"The gamma-aminobutyric acid b receptor in depression and reward","volume":"83","author":"Jacobson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/37.5.504","article-title":"Baclofen efficacy in reducing alcohol craving and intake: a preliminary double- blind randomized controlled study","volume":"37","author":"Addolorato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01273.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of baclofen for alcohol dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Garbutt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(93)90057-W","article-title":"Baclofen administration for the treatment of affective disorders in alcoholic patients","volume":"33","author":"Krupitsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1108","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.71","article-title":"Biobehavioral effects of baclofen in anxious alcohol-dependent individuals: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, laboratory study","volume":"7","author":"Farokhnia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00103","article-title":"Suppression of alcohol dependence using baclofen: a 2-year observational study of 100 patients","volume":"3","author":"de Beaurepaire","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/ags028","article-title":"Abstinence and \u201clow-risk\u201d consumption 1 year after the Initiation of high-dose baclofen: a retrospective study among \u201chigh-risk\u201d drinkers","volume":"47","author":"Rigal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000054","article-title":"Safety and drinking outcomes among patients with comorbid alcohol dependence and borderline personality disorder treated with high-dose baclofen: a comparative cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Rolland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000270079.84758.fe","article-title":"Baclofen suppresses alcohol intake and craving for alcohol in a schizophrenic alcohol-dependent patient: a case report","volume":"27","author":"Agabio","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh130","article-title":"Complete and prolonged suppression of symptoms and consequences of alcohol-dependence using high-dose baclofen: a self-case report of a physician","volume":"40","author":"Ameisen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-218714","article-title":"Speaking fluently with baclofen?","author":"Beraha","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agl091","article-title":"Suppression of symptoms of alcohol dependence and craving using high-dose baclofen","volume":"42","author":"Bucknam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31824929b2","article-title":"High-dose baclofen for treatment-resistant alcohol dependence","volume":"32","author":"Pastor","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2015.1104483","article-title":"Efficacy of high-dose baclofen for alcohol use disorder and comorbid bulimia: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Weibel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dual Diagn"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00143","article-title":"The use of very high doses of baclofen in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a case series","volume":"5","author":"de Beaurepaire","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agr131","article-title":"Clinical experience with baclofen in the management of alcohol-dependent patients with psychiatric comorbidity: a selected case series","volume":"46","author":"Dore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2015.1040003","article-title":"Tailored dose baclofen in patients with alcoholic liver disease: a case series with 2-year follow-up of hospitalisation","volume":"23","author":"Heydtmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Res Theor."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-6748.196043","article-title":"Clinical experience of baclofen in alcohol dependence: a chart review","volume":"25","author":"Rozatkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind Psychiatry J"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.162913","article-title":"Correlates of baclofen effectiveness in alcohol dependence","volume":"37","author":"Shukla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agu028","article-title":"Utilization of baclofen in maintenance of alcohol abstinence in patients with alcohol dependence and alcoholic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis","volume":"49","author":"Yamini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04555.x","article-title":"Ability of baclofen in reducing alcohol craving and intake: II\u2013Preliminary clinical evidence","volume":"24","author":"Addolorato","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amp.2009.12.008","article-title":"Suppression of alcohol dependence and alcohol consumption with high-dose baclofen: an open trial [Suppression de la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l'alcool et de la consommation d'alcool par le baclof\u00e8ne \u00e0 haute dose: un essai en ouvert]","volume":"168","author":"Ameisen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann M\u00e9d-Psychol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000922","article-title":"One year of baclofen in 100 patients with or without cirrhosis: a French real-life experience","volume":"29","author":"Barrault","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000141640.48924.14","article-title":"Baclofen for alcohol dependence: a preliminary open-label study","volume":"28","author":"Flannery","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2016.1240797","article-title":"Randomized open-label trial of baclofen for relapse prevention in alcohol dependence","volume":"43","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2008.03.128","article-title":"Renin and aldosterone but not the natriuretic peptide correlate with obsessive craving in medium-term abstinent alcohol-dependent patients: a longitudinal study","volume":"42","author":"Leggio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2012.11.013","article-title":"A human laboratory pilot study with baclofen in alcoholic individuals","volume":"103","author":"Leggio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61814-5","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of baclofen for maintenance of alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis: randomised, double-blind controlled study","volume":"370","author":"Addolorato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agr017","article-title":"Baclofen Study Group","volume":"46","author":"Addolorato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2016.10.006","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of high-dose baclofen for the treatment of alcohol dependence: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Beraha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13787","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of baclofen to reduce alcohol use in veterans with chronic hepatitis C: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"112","author":"Hauser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.17116\/jnevro20151156153-62","article-title":"Double blind placebo controlled randomized pilot clinical trial of baclofen (Baclosan(R)) for alcohol dependence","volume":"115","author":"Krupitsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3652-9","article-title":"A preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study of baclofen effects in alcoholic smokers","volume":"232","author":"Leggio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agu062","article-title":"Baclofen for the treatment of alcohol dependence and possible role of comorbid anxiety","volume":"49","author":"Morley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.13","article-title":"Baclofen in the treatment of alcohol dependence with or without liver disease: multisite, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"212","author":"Morley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.002","article-title":"High-dose baclofen for the treatment of alcohol dependence (BACLAD study): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.11.007","article-title":"Baclofen as add-on to standard psychosocial treatment for alcohol dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 1year follow-up","volume":"52","author":"Ponizovsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agx030","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled study of high-dose baclofen in alcohol-dependent patients-the ALPADIR study","volume":"52","author":"Reynaud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.7.830","article-title":"Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"64","author":"Hasin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD008581","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008581.pub2","article-title":"Antidepressants for the treatment of people with co-occurring depression and alcohol dependence","volume":"4","author":"Agabio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD007505","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007505.pub2","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders","volume":"1","author":"Ipser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01592.x","article-title":"Comorbidity between substance use disorders and psychiatric conditions","volume":"101","author":"Schuckit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14191","article-title":"Baclofen: its effectiveness in reducing harmful drinking, craving, and negative mood","volume":"113","author":"Rose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B65","first-page":"189","article-title":"Psychiatric rating scales in diagnostic assessment and clinical treatment","volume":"9","author":"Altman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychiatr Med"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(00)00229-7","article-title":"Rating depressed patients: observer- vs self-assessment","volume":"15","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.09.029","article-title":"From DSM-IV to DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: an overview of epidemiological data","volume":"41","author":"Bartoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12905","article-title":"Baclofen for alcohol use disorder-a systematic meta-analysis","author":"Bschor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2018.03.017","article-title":"Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of low-dose and high-dose baclofen in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Pierce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B70","article-title":"Baclofen for alcohol use disorder: Cagliari consensus statement","author":"Agabio","year":"","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00464\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T04:55:36Z","timestamp":1538110536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00464\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00464","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"article-number":"464"}}