{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:50:11Z","timestamp":1788587411491,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST-107-2314-B-002 -219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-107-2314-B-002 -219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T04:29:30Z","timestamp":1552883370000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Association Between the Sedative Loads and Clinical Severity Indicators in the First-Onset Major Depressive Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yen-Chin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Ti","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mong-Liang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Chyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hsin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Hua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chung","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Hsiu","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsi-Chung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118556719.ch1","article-title":"Definitions and predictors of treatment-resistant depression","volume-title":"Treatment-Resistant Depression.","author":"Souery","year":"2013"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2013.05.011","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics in major depression: a comprehensive meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Niitsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.23","article-title":"Discovering imaging endophenotypes for major depression","volume":"16","author":"Hasler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.4.636","article-title":"The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions","volume":"160","author":"Gottesman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-156","article-title":"Data-driven subtypes of major depressive disorder: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"van Loo","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.86","article-title":"Polygenic dissection of major depression clinical heterogeneity","volume":"21","author":"Milaneschi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(00)90140-8","article-title":"Anxiety disorders in major depression","volume":"41","author":"Fava","year":"2000","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0207","article-title":"Current comorbidity of psychiatric disorders among DSM-IV major depressive disorder patients in psychiatric care in the vantaa depression study","volume":"63","author":"Melartin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.10.1293","article-title":"Treatment outcomes for primary care patients with major depression and lifetime anxiety disorders","volume":"153","author":"Brown","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00440-4","article-title":"Major depressive subtypes and treatment response","volume":"42","author":"Fava","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06111868","article-title":"Difference in treatment outcome in outpatients with anxious versus nonanxious depression: a STAR*D report","volume":"165","author":"Fava","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)01442-0","article-title":"Course of depression in patients with comorbid anxiety disorders","volume":"43","author":"Sherbourne","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002612","article-title":"Clinical correlates and symptom patterns of anxious depression among patients with major depressive disorder in STAR* D","volume":"34","author":"Fava","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m10221","article-title":"Longitudinal predictive validity of the DSM-5 anxious distress specifier for clinical outcomes in a large cohort of patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"78","author":"Gaspersz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002637","article-title":"Co-morbid anxiety disorders in bipolar disorder and major depression: familial aggregation and clinical characteristics of co-morbid panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"42","author":"Goes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05218gry","article-title":"Insomnia and sleep duration in a large cohort of patients with major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders","volume":"71","author":"van Mill","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0211","article-title":"A comparison of rates of residual insomnia symptoms following pharmacotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder","volume":"68","author":"Carney","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.4.473","article-title":"Prevalence, course, and comorbidity of insomnia and depression in young adults","volume":"31","author":"Buysse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"B19","volume-title":"Depression: The Treatment and Management of Depression in Adults.","year":"2010"},{"key":"B20","volume-title":"Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.","year":"2010"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00175-5","article-title":"Treatment received by depressed patients in Japan and its determinants: naturalistic observation from a multi-center collaborative follow-up study","volume":"60","author":"Furukawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.01.011","article-title":"Clinical factors influencing the prescription of antidepressants and benzodiazepines: results from the European study of the epidemiology of mental disorders (ESEMeD)","volume":"110","author":"Demyttenaere","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-9-38","article-title":"Persistence and compliance to antidepressant treatment in patients with depression: a chart review","volume":"9","author":"Sawada","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e318217b4c4","article-title":"Benzodiazepines and adequacy of initial antidepressant treatment for depression","volume":"31","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2012.12.003","article-title":"Persistence of antidepressant treatment for depressive disorder in Taiwan","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-231","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors related to the use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines: results from the Singapore Mental Health Study","volume":"13","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1273","article-title":"Simultaneous antidepressant and benzodiazepine new use and subsequent long-term benzodiazepine use in adults with depression, United States, 2001-2014","volume":"74","author":"Bushnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.","year":"2000"},{"key":"B29","volume-title":"Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences\/Clinical Psychiatry.","author":"Sadock","year":"2014"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950050065007","article-title":"The time course of nonchronic major depressive disorder: uniformity across episodes and samples","volume":"51","author":"Coryell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1051","article-title":"Anxiety disorders and major depression, together or apart","volume":"14","author":"Levine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"key":"B32","first-page":"543","article-title":"The Cambridge dictory of philosophy","volume-title":"The Cambridge Dictory of Philosophy.","author":"Audi","year":"1995"},{"key":"B33","volume-title":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistic Methodology.","year":"2015"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12315","article-title":"Twenty-year trends in benzodiazepine dispensing in the Australian population","volume":"44","author":"Islam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern Med J."},{"key":"B35","unstructured":"AshtonH\n          The Benzodiazepine: What They do in the Body.2002"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2007.00343.x","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and chronic opioid therapy","volume":"9","author":"Webster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.028","article-title":"Do benzodiazepines moderate the effectiveness of bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy in major depression?","volume":"150","author":"Galvez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.07.026","article-title":"Correlates of residual fatigue in patients with major depressive disorder: the role of psychotropic medication","volume":"186","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990802149021","article-title":"Oxcarbazepine in rapid benzodiazepine detoxification","volume":"34","author":"Croissant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210 e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.09.012","article-title":"Detoxification of high-dose zolpidem using cross-titration with an adequate equivalent dose of diazepam","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis."},{"key":"B42","unstructured":"Drug Permit License Website."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2013.804195","article-title":"World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, part 1: update 2013 on the acute and continuation treatment of unipolar depressive disorders","volume":"14","author":"Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.07m03780","article-title":"Early improvement in the first 2 weeks as a predictor of treatment outcome in patients with major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis including 6562 patients","volume":"70","author":"Szegedi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6703_13","article-title":"Comparison of beck depression inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients","volume":"67","author":"Beck","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"key":"B46","first-page":"301","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the chinese version of the beck depression inventory-II","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Taiwanese J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B47","first-page":"151","article-title":"The APA Task Force report on benzodiazepine dependence, toxicity, and abuse","volume":"148","author":"Salzman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200730020-00006","article-title":"Psychotropic medications and the risk of fracture: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Takkouche","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31817d5943","article-title":"Fracture risk from psychotropic medications: a population-based analysis","volume":"28","author":"Bolton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-0065-y","article-title":"Anxiolytics, sedatives, antidepressants, neuroleptics and the risk of fracture","volume":"17","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)04087-2","article-title":"Association of road-traffic accidents with benzodiazepine use","volume":"352","author":"Barbone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03563.x","article-title":"Benzodiazepines revisited\u2013will we ever learn?","volume":"106","author":"Lader","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD001026","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001026","article-title":"Antidepressant plus benzodiazepine for major depression","author":"Furukawa","year":"","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00352-4","article-title":"Is extended clonazepam cotherapy of fluoxetine effective for outpatients with major depression?","volume":"70","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.726","article-title":"Antidepressants and their effect on sleep","volume":"20","author":"Mayers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.048371","article-title":"Antidepressant-induced jitteriness\/anxiety syndrome: systematic review","volume":"194","author":"Sinclair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001950","article-title":"Benzodiazepines for neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia","author":"Lima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00231-2","article-title":"Diagnosis and definition of treatment-resistant depression","volume":"53","author":"Fava","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.137","article-title":"Therapy-resistant depression","volume":"10","author":"Bschor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3109\/13651501.2012.667114","article-title":"Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care","volume":"16","author":"Bandelow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-14-S1-S1","article-title":"Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders","volume":"14","author":"Katzman","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.08.040","article-title":"The GABA system in anxiety and depression and its therapeutic potential","volume":"62","author":"Mohler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.120","article-title":"The GABAergic deficit hypothesis of major depressive disorder","volume":"16","author":"Luscher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.02.005","article-title":"Risk for recurrence in depression","volume":"27","author":"Burcusa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2165\/0023210-200923010-00002","article-title":"Withdrawing benzodiazepines in primary care","volume":"23","author":"Lader","year":"2009","journal-title":"CNS Drugs."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0579-5","article-title":"Is dose escalation of antidepressants a rational strategy after a medium-dose treatment has failed?","volume":"255","author":"Adli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arh107","article-title":"A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias","volume":"15","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Ecol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00129\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T04:30:37Z","timestamp":1552883437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00129\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00129","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"article-number":"129"}}