{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:10:21Z","timestamp":1792113021614,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:37Z","timestamp":1582675237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":244,"title":["Neuroinflammation in Bipolar Depression"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Aggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Pratesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Furlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.543","article-title":"Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"64","author":"Merikangas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.07.003","article-title":"Common and diagnosis-specific fractional anisotropy of white matter in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: evidence from comparative voxel-based meta-analysis","volume":"193","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000007","article-title":"Recent findings on the role of white matter pathology in bipolar disorder","volume":"22","author":"Benedetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.72","article-title":"Common and distinct patterns of grey-matter volume alteration in major depression and bipolar disorder: evidence from voxel-based meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Wise","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2012.01.008","article-title":"Structure-function associations in hippocampus in bipolar disorder","volume":"90","author":"Chepenik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.05.002","article-title":"Towards an integrative picture of human sickness behavior","volume":"57","author":"Shattuck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain","volume":"9","author":"Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743717740344","article-title":"Bipolar disorder associated with another autoimmune disease-pemphigus: a population-based study","volume":"63","author":"Kridin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry Rev Can Psychiatr"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci7110144","article-title":"bipolar disorder and immune dysfunction: epidemiological findings, proposed pathophysiology and clinical implications","volume":"7","author":"Rosenblat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1622-y","article-title":"Systemic autoimmune diseases are associated with an increased risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/embj.201386609","article-title":"The resolution of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration: leukocyte recruitment via the choroid plexus","volume":"33","author":"Schwartz","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.08.002","article-title":"Breaking peripheral immune tolerance to CNS antigens in neurodegenerative diseases: boosting autoimmunity to fight-off chronic neuroinflammation","volume":"54","author":"Schwartz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.03.016","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in bipolar disorder - a [(11)C]-(R)-PK11195 positron emission tomography study","volume":"40","author":"Haarman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.09.004","article-title":"Volume, metabolites and neuroinflammation of the hippocampus in bipolar disorder - a combined magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography study","volume":"56","author":"Haarman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.12.003","article-title":"Deficiencies of the T and natural killer cell system in major depressive disorder: T regulatory cell defects are associated with inflammatory monocyte activation","volume":"54","author":"Grosse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.03.013","article-title":"The activation of monocyte and T cell networks in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"25","author":"Drexhage","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.4.395","article-title":"A discriminating messenger RNA signature for bipolar disorder formed by an aberrant expression of inflammatory genes in monocytes","volume":"65","author":"Padmos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.116","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences on pro-inflammatory monocytes in bipolar disorder: a twin study","volume":"66","author":"Padmos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00493.x","article-title":"Immune variations in bipolar disorder: phasic differences","volume":"9","author":"Ortiz-Dominguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3153","article-title":"IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease","volume":"16","author":"Hunter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.02.018","article-title":"Imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in bipolar disorder","volume":"104","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.05.018","article-title":"Cytokines in bipolar disorder vs. healthy control subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Munkholm","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-006-9005-3","article-title":"TNF-alpha in promotion and progression of cancer","volume":"25","author":"Balkwill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.015","article-title":"Cytokine profiles in bipolar affective disorder: focus on acutely ill patients","volume":"90","author":"O'Brien","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02963.x","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity, proinflammatory markers and adiponectin in young males with different subtypes of depressive disorder","volume":"67","author":"Hung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.12.001","article-title":"Comparison of cytokine levels in depressed, manic and euthymic patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"116","author":"Brietzke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-010-0116-z","article-title":"Increased plasma levels of soluble TNF receptor I in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"261","author":"Barbosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14r09007","article-title":"C-reactive protein alterations in bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Dargel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30370-4","article-title":"C-reactive protein concentrations across the mood spectrum in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Fernandes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.03.032","article-title":"The role of obesity measures in the development and persistence of major depressive disorder","volume":"198","author":"Gibson-Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.03.040","article-title":"Cytokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and C-reactive protein in bipolar I disorder - Results from a prospective study","volume":"197","author":"Jacoby","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2004.01.006","article-title":"Immunologic variables in acute mania of bipolar disorder","volume":"150","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12259","article-title":"Comparison of pro-inflammatory cytokines among patients with bipolar disorder and unipolar depression and normal controls","volume":"17","author":"Bai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.05.078","article-title":"Assessment of cytokine levels and hs-CRP in bipolar I disorder before and after treatment","volume":"228","author":"Uyanik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462011000300010","article-title":"Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: differences in pro- and anti-inflammatory balance","volume":"33","author":"Kunz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Bras Psiquiatr"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-012-0327-6","article-title":"Chemokines in bipolar disorder: trait or state?","volume":"263","author":"Barbosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.04.008","article-title":"Abnormalities in serum chemokine levels in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"23","author":"Brietzke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.06.028","article-title":"Dysregulation of cytokine coding genes in peripheral blood of bipolar patients","volume":"256","author":"Ghafouri-Fard","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000007","article-title":"Recent findings on the role of white matter pathology in bipolar disorder","volume":"22","author":"Benedetti","year":"2014","journal-title":">Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2015-1793","article-title":"Neurobiological underpinnings of bipolar disorder focusing on findings of diffusion tensor imaging: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Duarte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Bras Psiquiatr"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.07.028","article-title":"Disruption of white matter integrity in bipolar depression as a possible structural marker of illness","volume":"69","author":"Benedetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.11.005","article-title":"Meta-analysis of regional white matter volume in bipolar disorder with replication in an independent sample using coordinates, T-maps, and individual MRI data","volume":"84","author":"Pezzoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2013.08.002","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities and cognitive performance in adult patients with bipolar I, bipolar II, and major depressive disorders","volume":"29","author":"Kieseppa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.10.368","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities in young individuals with bipolar disorder or at high genetic risk","volume":"245","author":"Wadhwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0601-5","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes: biology and pathology","volume":"119","author":"Bradl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000811","article-title":"Neuroplasticity and cellular resilience in mood disorders","volume":"5","author":"Manji","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(03)00181-6","article-title":"Oligodendroglial density in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and mood disorders: a study from the Stanley Neuropathology Consortium","volume":"67","author":"Uranova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000060","article-title":"Glial abnormalities in mood disorders","volume":"22","author":"Ongur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.01.025","article-title":"Mitochondria, oligodendrocytes and inflammation in bipolar disorder: evidence from transcriptome studies points to intriguing parallels with multiple sclerosis","volume":"45","author":"Konradi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2016.00021","article-title":"DTI and myelin plasticity in bipolar disorder: integrating neuroimaging and neuropathological findings","volume":"7","author":"Bellani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1236-6","article-title":"Mitochondrial impairment in oligodendroglial cells induces cytokine expression and signaling","volume":"67","author":"Scheld","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00044","article-title":"Factors regulating microglia activation","volume":"7","author":"Kierdorf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-98","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and M2 microglia: the good, the bad, and the inflamed","volume":"11","author":"Cherry","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1111098109","article-title":"Microglia activation triggers astrocyte-mediated modulation of excitatory neurotransmission","volume":"109","author":"Pascual","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.047","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines influence measures of white matter integrity in Bipolar Disorder","volume":"202","author":"Benedetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.12.020","article-title":"Th17 cells correlate positively to the structural and functional integrity of the brain in bipolar depression and healthy controls","volume":"61","author":"Poletti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.04.017","article-title":"White matter microstructure alterations correlate with terminally differentiated CD8+ effector T cell depletion in the peripheral blood in mania: combined DTI and immunological investigation in the different phases of bipolar disorder","volume":"73","author":"Magioncalda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708306","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/708306","article-title":"Disruption in the blood-brain barrier: the missing link between brain and body inflammation in bipolar disorder?","volume":"2015","author":"Patel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e982","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.238","article-title":"Cortical grey matter volume reduction in people with schizophrenia is associated with neuro-inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386824a0","article-title":"Subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in mood disorders","volume":"38","author":"Drevets","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.12.011","article-title":"Neural circuits underlying the pathophysiology of mood disorders","volume":"16","author":"Price","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cognit Sci"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.22.13290","article-title":"Glial reduction in the subgenual prefrontal cortex in mood disorders","volume":"95","author":"Ongur","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2002.01149.x","article-title":"Cell pathology in bipolar disorder","volume":"4","author":"Rajkowska","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12181","article-title":"Brain regions associated with risk and resistance for bipolar I disorder: a voxel-based MRI study of patients with bipolar disorder and their healthy siblings","volume":"16","author":"Eker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.07.006","article-title":"Opposite effects of suicidality and lithium on gray matter volumes in bipolar depression","volume":"135","author":"Benedetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.10.106","article-title":"Correlation of proinflammatory cytokines levels and reduced gray matter volumes between patients with bipolar disorder and unipolar depression","volume":"245","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1197-2","article-title":"Cytokine alterations in first-episode schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: relationships to brain structure and symptoms","volume":"15","author":"Lesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-016-9672-y","article-title":"Stem Cell Factor (SCF) is a putative biomarker of antidepressant response","volume":"11","author":"Benedetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.11.006","article-title":"Multi-target strategies for the improved treatment of depressive states: conceptual foundations and neuronal substrates, drug discovery and therapeutic application","volume":"110","author":"Millan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038550","article-title":"A brief history of the development of antidepressant drugs: from monoamines to glutamate","volume":"23","author":"Hillhouse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00670-2","article-title":"Lack of behavioral effects of monoamine depletion in healthy subjects","volume":"41","author":"Salomon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.16","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis of bipolar affective disorder: the state of the art and implications for treatment","volume":"22","author":"Ashok","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.10.015","article-title":"Immune modulation of learning, memory, neural plasticity and neurogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Yirmiya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.6.572","article-title":"Melatonin suppression by light in euthymic bipolar and unipolar patients","volume":"57","author":"Nurnberger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B75","article-title":"The underlying neurobiology of bipolar disorder","volume":"2","author":"Manji","year":"2003","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00226-3","article-title":"Serotonin and bipolar disorder","volume":"66","author":"Mahmood","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666151214105314","article-title":"Bipolar disorder: the role of the kynurenine and melatonergic pathways","volume":"22","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0681-y","article-title":"The kynurenine system and immunoregulation","volume":"119","author":"Mandi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2015.1049999","article-title":"What is the tryptophan kynurenine pathway and why is it important to neurotherapeutics?","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.05.020","article-title":"The kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"112","author":"Erhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.07.013","article-title":"Kynurenine pathway in major depression: evidence of impaired neuroprotection","volume":"98","author":"Myint","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0172699","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172699","article-title":"Increased breakdown of kynurenine towards its neurotoxic branch in bipolar disorder","volume":"12","author":"Birner","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-016-0731-4","article-title":"Kynurenine pathway and white matter microstructure in bipolar disorder","volume":"268","author":"Poletti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13081008","article-title":"A critical appraisal of neuroimaging studies of bipolar disorder: toward a new conceptualization of underlying neural circuitry and a road map for future research","volume":"171","author":"Phillips","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2016_13","article-title":"The role of dopamine in inflammation-associated depression: mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"31","author":"Felger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0606-9","article-title":"Chronobiology of bipolar disorder: therapeutic implication","volume":"17","author":"Dallaspezia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08010098","article-title":"Sleep and circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder: seeking synchrony, harmony, and regulation","volume":"165","author":"Harvey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.02.019","article-title":"How might circadian rhythms control mood? Let me count the ways","volume":"74","author":"McClung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2610-1","article-title":"Melatonin, clock genes and mitochondria in sepsis","volume":"74","author":"Acuna-Castroviejo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.03.007","article-title":"The putative role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathophysiology of sleep dysfunction across neuropsychiatric disorders: focus on chronic fatigue syndrome, bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis","volume":"41","author":"Morris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.4.401","article-title":"Number and function of circulating human antigen presenting cells regulated by sleep","volume":"30","author":"Dimitrov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.04.004","article-title":"The role of IL-6 and STAT in sleep and neuroinflammation","volume":"180","author":"Fernandes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.11.009","article-title":"The ying\/yang of inflammatory status: Blood-brain barrier regulation during sleep","volume":"69","author":"Hurtado-Alvarado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1667","article-title":"Major depression is associated with significant diurnal elevations in plasma interleukin-6 levels, a shift of its circadian rhythm, and loss of physiological complexity in its secretion: clinical implications","volume":"90","author":"Alesci","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.11.010","article-title":"Increased levels of adipokines in bipolar disorder","volume":"46","author":"Barbosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200822080-00004","article-title":"Bipolar disorder and the metabolic syndrome: causal factors, psychiatric outcomes and economic burden","volume":"22","author":"Fagiolini","year":"2008","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-010-8140-8","article-title":"Mood disorders and obesity: understanding inflammation as a pathophysiological nexus","volume":"13","author":"Soczynska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuromol Med"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670802534341","article-title":"Comparison of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and adiponectin in overweight bipolar patients taking sodium valproate and controls","volume":"43","author":"Elmslie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust New Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000065414","article-title":"Weight gain and serum leptin levels in patients on lithium treatment","volume":"46","author":"Atmaca","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000067809","article-title":"Serum leptin and cholesterol levels in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"46","author":"Atmaca","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.03.003","article-title":"Hyperinsulinaemia associated with beta-adrenoceptor antagonist in medicated bipolar patients during manic episode","volume":"31","author":"Tsai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00147","article-title":"A brief review of exercise, bipolar disorder, and mechanistic pathways","volume":"6","author":"Thomson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.02.133","article-title":"Exercise-induced release of cytokines in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"126","author":"Hallberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12484","article-title":"Body mass index associates with white matter microstructure in bipolar depression","volume":"19","author":"Mazza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2015_8","article-title":"Immune cells and metabolism","volume":"233","author":"Chatzigeorgiou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e115209","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115209","article-title":"Decreased serum level of miR-146a as sign of chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"9","author":"Baldeon","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.152850","article-title":"Insulin resistance and outcome in bipolar disorder","volume":"206","author":"Calkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16m11310","article-title":"Higher baseline proinflammatory cytokines mark poor antidepressant response in bipolar disorder","volume":"78","author":"Benedetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.010","article-title":"Disruption of white matter integrity marks poor antidepressant response in bipolar disorder","volume":"174","author":"Bollettini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.132","article-title":"The effect of antidepressant medication treatment on serum levels of inflammatory cytokines: a meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Hannestad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.04.115","article-title":"Different levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression","volume":"237","author":"Mao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.08.020","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta is associated with depressive episode in major depression but not in bipolar disorder","volume":"47","author":"Mota","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2016.1155746","article-title":"C-reactive protein: a differential biomarker for major depressive disorder and bipolar II disorder","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyw012","article-title":"The Differential levels of inflammatory cytokines and BDNF among bipolar spectrum disorders","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.05.009","article-title":"Comparison of inflammatory cytokine levels among type I\/type II and manic\/hypomanic\/euthymic\/depressive states of bipolar disorder","volume":"166","author":"Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.09.015","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory cytokines and treatment response to escitalopram in major depressive disorder","volume":"32","author":"Eller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.03.020","article-title":"Higher plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) level is associated with SSRI- or SNRI-refractory depression","volume":"33","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00134-7","article-title":"Cytokine production and treatment response in major depressive disorder","volume":"22","author":"Lanquillon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1997.0238","article-title":"Increased serum IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist concentrations in major depression and treatment resistant depression","volume":"9","author":"Maes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000119332","article-title":"Changes in acute-phase proteins during lithium potentiation of antidepressants in refractory depression","volume":"35","author":"Sluzewska","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology>"},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.11.029","article-title":"Inflammation and its discontents: the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression","volume":"65","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(02)00255-5","article-title":"Interleukine-6 serum levels correlate with response to antidepressant sleep deprivation and sleep phase advance","volume":"26","author":"Benedetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.03.033","article-title":"Effect of celecoxib add-on treatment on symptoms and serum IL-6 concentrations in patients with major depressive disorder: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"141","author":"Abbasi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B124","first-page":"31","article-title":"COX-2 inhibitors as antidepressants and antipsychotics: clinical evidence","volume":"11","author":"Muller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Invest Drugs"},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001805","article-title":"The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib has therapeutic effects in major depression: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, add-on pilot study to reboxetine","volume":"11","author":"Muller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00071\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:40Z","timestamp":1582675240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00071\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"references-count":125,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00071","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"article-number":"71"}}