{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:26:09Z","timestamp":1790623569596,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009553","name":"Agentura Pro Zdravotnick\u00fd V\u00fdzkum \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T07:47:32Z","timestamp":1598600852000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["The Antidepressant Effect of Ketamine Is Dampened by Concomitant Benzodiazepine Medication"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Veronika","family":"Andrashko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Brunovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Klirova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Sos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Horacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00230-9","article-title":"Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients","volume":"47","author":"Berman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv124","article-title":"Effects of low-dose and very low-dose ketamine among patients with major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IJNP"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-053013-062946","article-title":"Ketamine and rapid-acting antidepressants: a window into a new neurobiology for mood disorder therapeutics","volume":"66","author":"Abdallah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12497","article-title":"What is the mechanism of ketamine\u2019s rapid-onset antidepressant effect? A concise overview of the surprisingly large of possibilities","volume":"42","author":"Starsburger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.01.011","article-title":"The role of AMPA receptor modulation in the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases","volume":"211","author":"Zarate","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.05.035","article-title":"Involvement of AMPA receptor in both the rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects of ketamine in animal models of depression","volume":"224","author":"Koike","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.07.027","article-title":"Acute administration of ketamine induces antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming test and increases BDNF levels in the rat hippocampus","volume":"32","author":"Garcia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190287","article-title":"mTOR-dependent synapse formation underlies the rapid antidepressant effects of NMDA antagonists","volume":"329","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.05.029","article-title":"Exploiting N-Methyl-D-aspartate channel blockade for a rapid antidepressant response in major depressive disorder","volume":"74","author":"Blier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.10697","article-title":"Consideration on the off-label use of ketamine as a treatment for mood disorders","volume":"318","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.20180012","article-title":"Ketamine: a review for clinicians","volume":"16","author":"Sanacora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckm020","article-title":"Prescription of benzodiazepines in general practice in the context of a man-made disaster: a longitudinal study","volume":"17","author":"Fassaert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1763","article-title":"Benzodiazepine use in the United States","volume":"72","author":"Olfson","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"B14","volume-title":"Treatment of patients with major depression and practical guideline.","year":"2010"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743716659417","article-title":"Canadian network for mood and anxiety treatments (CANMAT) 2016 clinical guidelines for the management of adults with major depressive disorder. Section 3: pharmacological treatments","volume":"61","author":"Kennedy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1273","article-title":"Simultaneous antidepressant and benzodiazepine new use and subsequent long-term benzodiazepine use in adults with depression, United States, 2001-2014","volume":"74","author":"Bushnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.046","article-title":"Socio-demographic factors and long-term use of benzodiazepines in patients with depression, anxiety or insomnia","volume":"249","author":"Sjostedt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psych Res"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.4.654","article-title":": Benzodiazepine use among depressed patients treated in mental health settings","volume":"161","author":"Valenstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371105601105","article-title":"The utilization of antidepressants and benzodiazepines among people with major depression in Canada","volume":"56","author":"Sanyal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000348","article-title":"Determinants of treatment-resistant depression. The salience of benzodiazepines","volume":"203","author":"Parker","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"B21","article-title":"Evidence for involvement of GABA in the action of benzodiazepines: studies on rat cerebellum","volume":"14","author":"Costa","year":"1975","journal-title":"Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706251","article-title":"Benzodiazepine modulation of partial agonist efficacy and spontaneously active GABA(A) receptors supports an allosteric model of modulation","volume":"145","author":"Downing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.4.596","article-title":"Effects of diazepam and ketamine administered individually or in combination on regional rates of glucose utilization on rat brain","volume":"82","author":"Eintrei","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Anaest"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03012584","article-title":"Inhibition by diazepam of ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion and dopamine turnover in mice","volume":"45","author":"Irifune","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1984.tb07312.x","article-title":"Midazolam and diazepam in ketamine anaesthesia","volume":"39","author":"Catwright","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1976.tb05015.x","article-title":"Reduction of psychotomimetic side effects of Ketalar (ketamine) by Rohypnol (flunitrazepam). A randomized, double-blind trial","volume":"20","author":"Freuchen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Anaesth Scand"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415590631","article-title":"Benzodiazepines may reduce the effectiveness of ketamine in the treatment of depression","volume":"49","author":"Ford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000316","article-title":"Concomitant benzodiazepine use attenuates ketamine response: implications for large scale study design and clinical development","volume":"35","author":"Frye","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Psychofarmacol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16l11277","article-title":"The antidepressant effect of repeat dose intravenous ketamin is delayed by concurrent benzodiazepine use","volume":"78","author":"Albott","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B30","article-title":"Relationship of ketamine\u2019s antidepressant and psychotomimetic effects in unipolar depression","volume":"34","author":"Sos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"B31","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2009"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1037\/t18597-000","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382","article-title":"A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"Montgomery","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatr"},{"key":"B34","unstructured":"Equivalent Benzodiazepine Canculator\n            KaneSP\n          2017"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000511","article-title":"Effect of a subanesthetic dose of ketamine on memory and conscious awareness in healthy volunteers","volume":"152","author":"Hetem","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709991619","article-title":"Subanesthetic dose of ketamine decreases prefrontal theta cordance in healthy volunteers: implications for antidepressant effect","volume":"40","author":"Horacek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00769-006-0131-y","article-title":"Laboratory guidelines and standards in clinical and forensic toxicology","volume":"11","author":"Penders","year":"2006","journal-title":"Accred Qual Assur"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.03.021","article-title":"Dose equivalents of antidepressants: Evidence-based recommendations from randomized controlled trials","volume":"180","author":"Hayasaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.02.017","article-title":"Do the dissociative side effects of ketamine mediate its antidepressant effects","volume":"159","author":"Luckenbaugh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ddstr.2006.11.012","article-title":"Enhancing AMPA to NMDA throughput as a convergent mechanism for antidepressant action","volume":"3","author":"Du","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Discovery Today Ther Strated"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.028","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of ketamine: role of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-mathylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors","volume":"63","author":"Maeng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.241","article-title":"Ketamine enhances structural plasticity in mouse mesencephalic and human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons via AMPAR-driven BDNF and mTOR signalling","volume":"23","author":"Cavalleri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2012.12.005","article-title":"Placebo and nocebo effects in randomized controlled trials: the implications for research and practice","volume":"46","author":"Sanderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950030035004","article-title":"Subanestetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans: psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive and neuroendocrine responses","volume":"51","author":"Krystal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06111868","article-title":"Difference in treatment outcome in outpatients with anxious versus nonanxious depression: a STAR*D report","volume":"165","author":"Fava","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220903129814","article-title":"Anticonvulsants in the treatment of major depressive disorder: an overview","volume":"17","author":"Vigo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Har Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.3.270","article-title":"Attenuation of the neuropsychiatric effects of ketamine with lamotrigine: support for hyperglutamatergic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists","volume":"57","author":"Anand","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2007.37","article-title":"Glutamate and the neural basis of the subjective effects of ketamine: a pharmaco-magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"65","author":"Deakin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.112.201665","article-title":"Quantifying the attenuation of the ketamine pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging response in humans: a validation using antipsychotic and glutamatergic agents","volume":"345","author":"Doyle","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00767","article-title":"Glutamatergic dysfunction and glutamatergic compounds for major psychiatric disorders: evidence from clinical neuroimaging studies","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.036","article-title":"Evidence for impaired cortical inhibition in patients with unipolar major depression","volume":"59","author":"Bajbouj","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719001223","article-title":"Antidepressant-resistant depression is characterised by reduced short-a nd long-interval cortical inhibition","volume":"50","author":"Jeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00844\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T07:47:36Z","timestamp":1598600856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00844\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00844"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00844","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"article-number":"844"}}