{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T01:26:02Z","timestamp":1791509162466,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>South Asian countries report the highest prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs) globally. This systematic review and meta-analysis report the pooled prevalence of CMDs among the South Asian countries. Database searches were conducted in eight electronic databases. Titles, abstracts, full-text screening, and extraction of data on the event rate of 17 indicators of CMDs were performed by two independent reviewers. A total of 160 studies were included and data analysis was done using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software (v.3). A prevalence of depressive symptoms was 26.4% among 173,449 participants, alcohol abuse was 12.9% (n = 107,893); anxiety 25.8% (n = 70,058); tobacco smoking 18.6% (n = 84,965); PTSD 17.2% (n = 42,298); mixed anxiety and depression 28.4% (n = 11,102); suicidal behaviors 6.4% (n = 25,043); misuse of opiates 0.8% (n = 37,304); tobacco chewing 21.0% (n = 10,586); use of cannabis 3.4% (n = 10,977); GAD 2.9% (n = 70,058); bipolar disorder 0.6% (n = 7,197); IV drug abuse 2.5% (n = 15,049); panic disorder 0.01% (n = 28,087); stimulant use 0.9% (n = 1,414); OCD 1.6% (n = 8,784) and phobic disorders 1.8% (n = 27,754). This study reported a high prevalence of CMDs in South Asian countries; necessitating further research on psychiatric epidemiology in those contexts. It informs the need for effective policymaking and implementation of culturally appropriate multilevel interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.573150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T01:36:33Z","timestamp":1599010593000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Prevalence of Common Mental Disorders in South Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sadiq","family":"Naveed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Waqas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amna Mohyud Din","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sham","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noureen","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rizwan","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nida","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidra","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"WHO Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP)","year":"2020"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"The WHO Special Initiative for Mental Health (2019-2023)","year":"2019"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Disease, injury and causes of death regional estimates, 2004-2008","year":"2018"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178632917694350","DOI":"10.1177\/1178632917694350","article-title":"Mental Health Service Provision in Low- and Middle-Income Countries","volume":"10","author":"Rathod","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Serv Insights"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4103\/2224-3151.206165","article-title":"Mental health policies in South-East Asia and the public health role of screening instruments for depression","volume":"6","author":"Sharan","year":"2017","journal-title":"WHO South East Asia J Public Health"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20042","article-title":"Community mental health care in South Asia","volume":"12","author":"Thara","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.69214","article-title":"Regional cooperation in South Asia in the field of mental health","volume":"6","author":"Trivedi","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Mental health atlas","year":"2011"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.69276","article-title":"Role of non-governmental organizations in mental health in India","volume":"52","author":"Thara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9017-8","volume-title":"Mental health in South Asia : ethics, resources, programs and legislation","author":"Trivedi JK","year":"2015"},{"key":"B11","article-title":"Prevalence of mental and behavioural disorders in India : a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Reddy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0216-9","article-title":"Mental disorders in Bangladesh: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Hossain","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"339","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-45","article-title":"Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: comparing reviewers\u2019 to authors\u2019 assessments","volume":"14","author":"Lo","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21243-x","article-title":"Prevalence of Depression in the Community from 30 Countries between 1994 and 2014","volume":"8","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0840470416679413","article-title":"Mental illness-related stigma in healthcare: Barriers to access and care and evidence-based solutions","volume":"30","author":"Knaak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Healthcare Manage Forum"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.040113","article-title":"Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts","volume":"192","author":"Nock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0358-9","article-title":"Suicide in South Asia: a scoping review","volume":"14","author":"Jordans","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2224-3151.206167","article-title":"Suicide and depression in the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"WHO South East Asia J Public Health"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12381","article-title":"Annual Research Review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents","volume":"56","author":"Polanczyk","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-557X.89943","article-title":"Tobacco use: a major risk factor for non communicable diseases in South-East Asia region","volume":"55","author":"Thakur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110100429","article-title":"Tobacco use and smoking cessation practices among physicians in developing countries: a literature review (1987-2010)","volume":"11","author":"Abdullah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122610","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122610","article-title":"Strategies for Tobacco Control in India: A Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"McKay","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2","article-title":"Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"392","author":"Griswold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30375-3","article-title":"Global prevalence of injecting drug use and sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people who inject drugs: a multistage systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp-rj.2016.110203","article-title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Psychiatric Disorders Among South Asians in America","volume":"11","author":"Molly Lubin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry Residents J"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3923\/aje.2017.45.53","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders in India and other South Asian countries","volume":"10","author":"Ranjan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"Social determinants of mental health","year":"2014"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.12.022","article-title":"Extreme sensory processing patterns and their relation with clinical conditions among individuals with major affective disorders","volume":"236","author":"Engel-Yeger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00148","article-title":"Alexithymia and Suicide Risk in Psychiatric Disorders: A Mini-Review","volume":"8","author":"De Berardis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018601","article-title":"Psychopathology and resilience following traumatic injury: a latent growth mixture model analysis","volume":"55","author":"deRoon-Cassini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00801740","article-title":"Structural models of captivity trauma, resilience, and trauma response among former prisoners of war 20 to 40 years after release","volume":"28","author":"Engdahl","year":"1993","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1017-0","article-title":"Community Interventions to Promote Mental Health and Social Equity","volume":"21","author":"Castillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12869","DOI":"10.2196\/12869","article-title":"Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression, Anxiety, and Enhancement of Psychological Well-Being Among College Students: Systematic Review","volume":"21","author":"Lattie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-3204.43.4.531","article-title":"Culturally adapted mental health intervention: A meta-analytic review","volume":"43","author":"Griner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychother (Chicago Ill)"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.602062","type":"corrigendum","label":"Corrigendum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605830400000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.573150\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T04:21:05Z","timestamp":1605846065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.573150\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.573150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.573150","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"article-number":"573150"}}