{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:42:48Z","timestamp":1773027768394,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Purpose:<\/jats:bold> This study explored the association between peripheral blood oxytocin (OT) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) and cue-induced cravings in female heroin addicts. The effect of exercise on alleviation of SAD and OT levels was also explored.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> A total of 72 females with heroin dependence were assigned to three groups based on SAD severity. The three groups were Non-SAD control, SAD control, and SAD exercise groups. Subjects in the SAD exercise group underwent aerobic exercise and resistance training for 8 weeks (60 min\/day, 5 days\/week). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) scores were used to determine plasma OT concentration and SAD, respectively. Cue-induced craving was assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ). Mixed-effect analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis were used to explore the effect and correlation between different parameters.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> OT levels in the SAD exercise group were significantly high after exercise (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01). LSAS, VAS, and DDQ (\u201cDesire and Intention\u201d and \u201cNegative reinforcement\u201d) scores in the SAD exercise group were significantly lower after exercise (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01). Plasma OT level was negatively correlated with LSAS score (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.534, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), VAS score (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.609, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), \u201cDesire and Intention\u201d score (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.555, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), and \u201cNegative reinforcement\u201d score (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.332, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01) and positively correlated with the \u201ccontrol\u201d score (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.258, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). LSAS was positively correlated with VAS score (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.588, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and \u201cDesire and Intention\u201d score (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.282, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The findings of the present study indicate that plasma OT is a potential peripheral biomarker for prediction of the severity of social anxiety in female heroin withdrawal patients. Aerobic exercise combined with resistance training plus incremental load for 8 weeks can increase plasma OT levels and significantly reduce severity of SAD and cue-induced cravings in female heroin addicts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.624993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T08:52:54Z","timestamp":1638348774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Descended Social Anxiety Disorder and Craving in Women Heroin Dependence Through Exercise Alerts Plasma Oxytocin Levels"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jing Song","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing Lin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun Xia","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi Yang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2004.04.010","article-title":"Gender differences in the effects of family adversity on the risk of onset of DSM-III-R social phobia","volume":"19","author":"DeWit","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.01.005","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of social fears in Hong Kong","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.05.003","article-title":"Brave men and timid women? 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