{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T21:51:57Z","timestamp":1772229117732,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003385","name":"Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Flotillin proteins are involved in neurodegeneration and T-cell immunity. Here, we report the case of 65-year-old woman who presented with dementia, depressive symptoms, and a patient history involving speech problems. As diagnostics methods we applied magnetic resonance imaging, clinical examination, extensive neuropsychological testing, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Neuropsychological testing revealed major cognitive decline in attentional, executive, and memory functions together with impaired activities of daily living. The cerebrospinal fluid showed elevated phosphorylated tau protein 181. We identified serum autoantibodies against the flotillin 1\/2 complex. Immunotherapy entailing four cycles of high-dose steroids resulted in less cognitive dysfunction along with reduced depressive symptoms in the second follow-up after starting steroids. In conclusion: probable autoimmune-mediated dementia associated with anti-flotillin 1\/2 complex autoantibodies expands the phenotypic spectrum of anti-flotillin 1\/2 antibody disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.626121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T17:46:45Z","timestamp":1623779205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Case Report: Anti-flotillin 1\/2 Autoantibody-Associated Atypical Dementia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Niels","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Winfried","family":"St\u00f6cker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Wiltfang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Tim\u00e4us","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09825-0.","article-title":"Neuronal surface autoantibodies in dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Gibson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-019-0550-9","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune dementia","volume":"21","author":"Sechi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz083","article-title":"Neuronal autoantibodies associated with cognitive impairment in melanoma patients","volume":"30","author":"Bartels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0326","article-title":"Autoimmune dementia: clinical course and predictors of immunotherapy response","volume":"85","author":"Flanagan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286421998906","article-title":"Autoimmune encephalopathies presenting as dementia of subacute onset and rapid progression","volume":"19","author":"Banks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.07.054","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of flotillin-1 in the spinal cord of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"1114","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4760fje","article-title":"Preformed reggie\/flotillin caps: stable priming platforms for macrodomain assembly in T cells","volume":"20","author":"Langhorst","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-479","article-title":"Research advances on flotillins","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.2003.00479.x","article-title":"Accumulation of flotillin-1 in tangle-bearing neurones of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"29","author":"Girardot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033435","article-title":"Flotillin-1 in the substantia nigra of the Parkinson brain and a predominant localization in catecholaminergic nerves in the rat brain","volume":"6","author":"Jacobowitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurotox Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-012-1343-6","article-title":"How reggies regulate regeneration and axon growth","volume":"349","author":"Stuermer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0900-z","article-title":"Identification of the flotillin-1\/2 heterocomplex as a target of autoantibodies in bona fide multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Hahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821103e6","article-title":"Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants","volume":"76","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611346","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.611346","article-title":"Immunotherapy in autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes in adults","volume":"12","author":"Hansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12942","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuronal and glial cell damage to monitor disease activity and predict long-term outcome in patients with autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"23","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011937","article-title":"Prospective quantification of CSF biomarkers in antibody-mediated encephalitis","author":"Day","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.02.035","article-title":"Developmental changes in the flotillin-1 expression pattern of the rat visual cortex","volume":"292","author":"Nakadate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100154","article-title":"Autoantibody-associated psychiatric symptoms and syndromes in adults: a narrative review and proposed diagnostic approach","volume":"9","author":"Hansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behavior Immun Health."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720002895","article-title":"Autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes: a systematic literature review resulting in 145 cases","volume":"7","author":"Endres","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12352-w","article-title":"Flotillins promote T cell receptor sorting through a fast Rab5-Rab11 endocytic recycling axis","volume":"10","author":"Redpath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04088-w","article-title":"A mobile endocytic network connects clathrin-independent receptor endocytosis to recycling and promotes T cell activation","volume":"9","author":"Compeer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26788","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1910281116","article-title":"Activation-induced cell death of self-reactive regulatory T cells drives autoimmunity","volume":"116","author":"Badami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2019.03.003","article-title":"Altered recruitment of Lyn, Syk and ZAP-70 into lipid rafts of activated B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"58","author":"V\u00e1squez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00668","article-title":"Biomarkers of neurodegeneration in autoimmune-mediated encephalitis","volume":"9","author":"K\u00f6rtvelyessy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.626121\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T17:46:49Z","timestamp":1623779209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.626121\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.626121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.626121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"article-number":"626121"}}