{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T01:51:07Z","timestamp":1778291467159,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a highly social species, inclusion in social networks and the presence of strong social bonds are critical to our health and well-being. Indeed, impaired social functioning is a component of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, our social networks are at risk of fracture and many are vulnerable to the negative consequences of social isolation. Importantly, infection itself leads to changes in social behavior as a component of \u201csickness behavior.\u201d Furthermore, as in the case of COVID-19, males and females often differ in their immunological response to infection, and, therefore, in their susceptibility to negative outcomes. In this review, we discuss the many ways in which infection changes social behavior\u2014sometimes to the benefit of the host, and in some instances for the sake of the pathogen\u2014in species ranging from eusocial insects to humans. We also explore the neuroimmune mechanisms by which these changes in social behavior occur. Finally, we touch upon the ways in which the social environment (group living, social isolation, etc.) shapes the immune system and its ability to respond to challenge. Throughout we emphasize how males and females differ in their response to immune activation, both behaviorally and physiologically.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.633664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T05:42:54Z","timestamp":1613972574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sickness and the Social Brain: Love in the Time of COVID"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Caroline J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Staci D.","family":"Bilbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000316","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000316","article-title":"Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review","volume":"7","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352","article-title":"Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review","volume":"10","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspectiv Psychol Sci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12087","article-title":"Social relationships and health: the toxic effects of perceived social isolation","volume":"8","author":"Cacioppo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Personal Psychol Compass."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.9740","article-title":"Psychological distress and loneliness reported by US adults in 2018 and April 2020","volume":"324","author":"McGinty","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113117","article-title":"Loneliness: a signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19","volume":"290","author":"Killgore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2025591","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.25591","article-title":"Factors associated with mental health disorders among university students in France confined during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"3","author":"Wathelet","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pa.2532","article-title":"Socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 in Asian countries: an empirical analysis","author":"Varkey","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Public Affairs."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-020-00434-y","article-title":"Changes in health behaviours during early COVID-19 and socio-demographic disparities: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"111","author":"Zajacova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13199","article-title":"Insights into disparities observed with COVID-19","author":"Carethers","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Internal Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218115","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218115","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 outcomes: social determination of health","volume":"17","author":"Raine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691620942516","article-title":"Psychosocial vulnerabilities to upper respiratory infectious illness: implications for susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"16","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perspectiv Psychol Sci"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.05.016","article-title":"The neurobiology of social distance","volume":"24","author":"Bzdok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316","article-title":"Early transmission dynamics in wuhan, china, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia","volume":"382","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008520","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008520","article-title":"Sex-specific clinical characteristics and prognosis of coronavirus disease-19 infection in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study of 168 severe patients","volume":"16","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-020-00304-9","article-title":"Impact of sex and gender on COVID-19 outcomes in Europe","volume":"11","author":"Gebhard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4","article-title":"Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY","volume":"584","author":"Williamson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.3596","article-title":"Factors associated with death in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in the US","volume":"180","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0348-8","article-title":"Considering how biological sex impacts immune responses and COVID-19 outcomes","volume":"20","author":"Scully","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2700-3","article-title":"Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes","volume":"588","author":"Takahashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90","article-title":"Sex differences in immune responses","volume":"16","author":"Klein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.09.039","article-title":"Sex differences in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders: focus on microglial function and neuroinflammation during development","volume":"160","author":"Hanamsagar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711001772","article-title":"Increased risk of mortality associated with social isolation in older men: only when feeling lonely? Results from the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL)","volume":"42","author":"Holwerda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.01.005","article-title":"Losing life and livelihood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of unemployment and all-cause mortality","volume":"72","author":"Roelfs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(88)80004-6","article-title":"Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals","volume":"12","author":"Hart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.09.006","article-title":"Twenty years of research on cytokine-induced sickness behavior","volume":"21","author":"Dantzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002276","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002276","article-title":"Why do we feel sick when infected\u2013can altruism play a role?","volume":"13","author":"Shakhar","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13193","article-title":"Sickness effects on social interactions depend on the type of behaviour and relationship","volume":"89","author":"Stockmaier","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Ecol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2017.0206","article-title":"The role of social cognition in parasite and pathogen avoidance","volume":"373","author":"Kavaliers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Philos Trans Royal Soc London Ser B Biol Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.04.048","article-title":"Tracing the trajectory of behavioral impairments and oxidative stress in an animal model of neonatal inflammation","volume":"298","author":"MacRae","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.03.007","article-title":"From Models to Mechanisms: Odorant communication as a key determinant of social behavior in rodents during illness-associated states","volume":"35","author":"Hiroyuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.10.024","article-title":"Communication of health in experimentally sick men and women: a pilot study","volume":"87","author":"Lasselin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.141","article-title":"In sickness and in health: the co-regulation of inflammation and social behavior","volume":"42","author":"Eisenberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.04.040","article-title":"An fMRI study of cytokine-induced depressed mood and social pain: the role of sex differences","volume":"47","author":"Eisenberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.08.020","article-title":"Trait sensitivity to social disconnection enhances pro-inflammatory responses to a randomized controlled trial of endotoxin","volume":"62","author":"Moieni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.12.009","article-title":"Inflammation and social experience: an inflammatory challenge induces feelings of social disconnection in addition to depressed mood","volume":"24","author":"Eisenberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.10.006","article-title":"The role of the ventral striatum in inflammatory-induced approach toward support figures","volume":"44","author":"Inagaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.03.022","article-title":"Exposure to an inflammatory challenge enhances neural sensitivity to negative and positive social feedback","volume":"57","author":"Muscatell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2018.06.005","article-title":"Sex differences in how inflammation affects behavior: what we can learn from experimental inflammatory models in humans","volume":"50","author":"Lasselin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02167","article-title":"Sex differences in the effect of inflammation on subjective social status: a randomized controlled trial of endotoxin in healthy young adults","volume":"10","author":"Moieni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.09.008","article-title":"Sickness behavior is not all about the immune response: possible roles of expectations and prediction errors in the worry of being sick","volume":"74","author":"Lasselin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2020.00004","article-title":"The contribution of sociocultural factors in shaping self-reported sickness behavior","volume":"14","author":"Shattuck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.06.008","article-title":"Social immunity","volume":"17","author":"Cremer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180207","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2018.0207","article-title":"Defences against brood parasites from a social immunity perspective","volume":"374","author":"Cotter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Philos Trans Royal Soc London Ser B Biol Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0102","article-title":"Social immunity and the evolution of group living in insects","volume":"370","author":"Meunier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos Trans Royal Soc London Ser B Biol Sci."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s001140050709","article-title":"Fever in honeybee colonies","volume":"87","author":"Starks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Die Naturwissenschaften."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1051\/apido\/2010016","article-title":"Propolis and bee health: the natural history and significance of resin use by honey bees","volume":"41","author":"Simone-Finstrom","year":"2010","journal-title":"Apidologie."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2003.00395.x","article-title":"Evidence for collective medication in ants","volume":"6","author":"Christe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecol Lett."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.12.031","article-title":"Moribund ants leave their nests to die in social isolation","volume":"20","author":"Heinze","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/35107138","article-title":"Immune defence in bumble-bee offspring","volume":"414","author":"Moret","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/aru046","article-title":"Maternal care provides antifungal protection to eggs in the European earwig","volume":"25","author":"Boos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Ecol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.11.034","article-title":"Ants disinfect fungus-exposed brood by oral uptake and spread of their poison","volume":"23","author":"Tragust","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150984","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2015.0984","article-title":"Reduced cellular immune response in social insect lineages","volume":"12","author":"L\u00f3pez-Uribe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Lett."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arg108","article-title":"Immune challenge mediates vocal communication in a passerine bird: an experiment","volume":"15","author":"Garamszegi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Ecol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1938","article-title":"Dominant male song performance reflects current immune state in a cooperatively breeding songbird","volume":"6","author":"York","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol Evol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200272","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2020.0272","article-title":"Immune-challenged vampire bats produce fewer contact calls","volume":"16","author":"Stockmaier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Lett."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01603.x","article-title":"Costs of an induced immune response on sexual display and longevity in field crickets","volume":"58","author":"Jacot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Evol Int J Organ Evol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31790","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31790","article-title":"Infection-induced behavioural changes reduce connectivity and the potential for disease spread in wild mice contact networks","volume":"6","author":"Lopes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2012.05.008","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide administration in the dominant mouse destabilizes social hierarchy","volume":"91","author":"Cohn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Process."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050353","article-title":"Endotoxin-induced reduction of social investigation by mice: interaction with amphetamine and anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"132","author":"Fishkin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90779-9","article-title":"Effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on the behavioral effects of lipopolysaccharide in rat","volume":"573","author":"Bluth\u00e9","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00305-0","article-title":"Dual effect of central injection of recombinant rat interleukin-4 on lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behavior in rats","volume":"26","author":"Bluth\u00e9","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(00)00269-9","article-title":"Role of IL-6 in cytokine-induced sickness behavior: a study with IL-6 deficient mice","volume":"70","author":"Bluth\u00e9","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Behav."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.01.007","article-title":"Environmental context differentially affects behavioral, leukocyte, cortisol, and interleukin-6 responses to low doses of endotoxin in the rhesus monkey","volume":"21","author":"Willette","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.03.006","article-title":"Sex-specific social regulation of inflammatory responses and sickness behaviors","volume":"24","author":"Yee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(99)00154-7","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide facilitates partner preference behaviors in female prairie voles","volume":"68","author":"Bilbo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol Behav."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140218","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.0218","article-title":"When is it socially acceptable to feel sick?","volume":"281","author":"Lopes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad0314","article-title":"The maternal interleukin-17a pathway in mice promotes autism-like phenotypes in offspring","volume":"351","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16928","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53294-z","article-title":"Maternal and early postnatal immune activation produce sex-specific effects on autism-like behaviors and neuroimmune function in mice","volume":"9","author":"Carlezon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-01-00297.2003","article-title":"Maternal influenza infection causes marked behavioral and pharmacological changes in the offspring","volume":"23","author":"Shi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.12.005","article-title":"Influence of poly I:C on sickness behaviors, plasma cytokines, corticosterone and central monoamine activity: moderation by social stressors","volume":"21","author":"Gandhi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.11.008","article-title":"Effects of stressors and immune activating agents on peripheral and central cytokines in mouse strains that differ in stressor responsivity","volume":"25","author":"Gibb","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.07.012","article-title":"Sex differences in the peripheral and central immune responses following lipopolysaccharide treatment in pubertal and adult CD-1 mice","volume":"71","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00927-X","article-title":"Different receptor mechanisms mediate the effects of endotoxin and interleukin-1 on female sexual behavior","volume":"773","author":"Avitsur","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(99)00165-3","article-title":"The immunobiology of sexual behavior: gender differences in the suppression of sexual activity during illness","volume":"64","author":"Avitsur","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.08.002","article-title":"Age and sex differences in immune response following LPS treatment in mice","volume":"58","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2010.12.002","article-title":"Sex differences in the response to influenza virus infection: modulation by stress","volume":"59","author":"Avitsur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hormones Behav."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.03.015","article-title":"Inflammation causes mood changes through alterations in subgenual cingulate activity and mesolimbic connectivity","volume":"66","author":"Harrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(91)90184-R","article-title":"Interleukin-1 mediates behavioural but not metabolic effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha in mice","volume":"209","author":"Bluth\u00e9","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(94)90009-4","article-title":"Synergy between tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 in the induction of sickness behavior in mice","volume":"19","author":"Bluth\u00e9","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218889","article-title":"Evolution of a vertebrate social decision-making network","volume":"336","author":"O'Connell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05445.x","article-title":"What does the amygdala contribute to social cognition?","volume":"1191","author":"Adolphs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12937-5","article-title":"Neural computations underlying strategic social decision-making in groups","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0593-y","article-title":"Specialized medial prefrontal-amygdala coordination in other-regarding decision preference","volume":"23","author":"Dal Monte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2012.11.013","article-title":"Are there specialized circuits for social cognition and are they unique to humans?","volume":"23","author":"Rushworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.01.013","article-title":"Neuropharmacology of the mesolimbic system and associated circuits on social hierarchies","volume":"159","author":"Ghosal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.02.005","article-title":"Neuro-immune mechanisms regulating social behavior: dopamine as mediator?","volume":"42","author":"Kopec","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00430","article-title":"State-dependent \u03bc-opioid modulation of social motivation","volume":"8","author":"Loseth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.10.090","article-title":"Inflammation selectively enhances amygdala activity to socially threatening images","volume":"59","author":"Inagaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06549.x","article-title":"Central nervous action of interleukin-1 mediates activation of limbic structures and behavioural depression in response to peripheral administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide","volume":"28","author":"Konsman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b15-00707","article-title":"Kamikihito ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behavior via attenuating neural activation, but not inflammation, in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and central nucleus of the amygdala in mice","volume":"39","author":"Araki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Pharmaceut Bulletin."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.10.011","article-title":"Assessment of social behavior directed toward sick partners and its relation to central cytokine expression in rats","volume":"182","author":"Hamasato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Behav."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.10.013","article-title":"Oxytocin and vasopressin in the medial amygdala differentially modulate approach and avoidance behavior toward illness-related social odor","volume":"171","author":"Arakawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.03.010","article-title":"Social defeat promotes specific cytokine variations within the prefrontal cortex upon subsequent aggressive or endotoxin challenges","volume":"25","author":"Audet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2012.08.006","article-title":"The immune system and developmental programming of brain and behavior","volume":"33","author":"Bilbo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-7-93","article-title":"Fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) deficiency sensitizes mice to the behavioral changes induced by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"7","author":"Corona","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.09.061","article-title":"A combined cumulative threshold spectra and digital reconstruction analysis reveal structural alterations of microglia within the prefrontal cortex following low-dose LPS administration","volume":"310","author":"Kongsui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2094","article-title":"Dopaminergic mechanisms of reduced basal ganglia responses to hedonic reward during interferon alfa administration","volume":"69","author":"Capuron","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archiv General Psychiatry."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.143","article-title":"Inflammation effects on motivation and motor activity: role of dopamine","volume":"42","author":"Felger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.06.010","article-title":"Inflammation-induced anhedonia: endotoxin reduces ventral striatum responses to reward","volume":"68","author":"Eisenberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.05.017","article-title":"Natural neural projection dynamics underlying social behavior","volume":"157","author":"Gunaydin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.22","article-title":"Dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens modulates social play behavior in rats","volume":"41","author":"Manduca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06118-z","article-title":"Microglial dopamine receptor elimination defines sex-specific nucleus accumbens development and social behavior in adolescent rats","volume":"9","author":"Kopec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4133","article-title":"Activation of the reward system boosts innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"22","author":"Ben-Shaanan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2153fje","article-title":"Dopamine-dependent neurotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide in substantia nigra","volume":"19","author":"De Pablos","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.05.049","article-title":"When grief heats up: pro-inflammatory cytokines predict regional brain activation","volume":"47","author":"O'Connor","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9117","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.19.9117","article-title":"Different receptor mechanisms mediate the pyrogenic and behavioral effects of interleukin 1","volume":"89","author":"Kent","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08321.x","article-title":"Molecular basis of sickness behavior","volume":"856","author":"Dantzer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annal N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91588-6","article-title":"Appearance of interleukin-1 in macrophages and in ramified microglia in the brain of endotoxin-treated rats: a pathway for the induction of non-specific symptoms of sickness?","volume":"588","author":"van Dam","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)00525-A","article-title":"Peripheral lipopolysaccharide stimulation induces interleukin-1 beta messenger RNA in rat brain microglial cells","volume":"65","author":"Buttini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.08.013","article-title":"Neonatal immune challenge induces female-specific changes in social behavior and somatostatin cell number","volume":"90","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.041","article-title":"Chronic hM3Dq signaling in microglia ameliorates neuroinflammation in male mice","volume":"88","author":"Binning","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15530-3","article-title":"Elevated protein synthesis in microglia causes autism-like synaptic and behavioral aberrations","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.06.046","article-title":"Minocycline alleviates behavioral deficits and inhibits microglial activation in the offspring of pregnant mice after administration of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid","volume":"219","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18626","article-title":"Unexpected role of interferon-\u03b3 in regulating neuronal connectivity and social behaviour","volume":"535","author":"Filiano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1995.1021","article-title":"Interleukin-1 inhibits sexual behavior in female but not in male rats","volume":"9","author":"Yirmiya","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.10.006","article-title":"SeXX matters in immunity","volume":"35","author":"Markle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1386.043","article-title":"Estrogens and autoimmune diseases","volume":"1089","author":"Cutolo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-020-00330-7","article-title":"Sex differences in severity and mortality from COVID-19: are males more vulnerable?","volume":"11","author":"Pradhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.02.025","article-title":"Individual differences in developmental plasticity: a role for early androgens?","volume":"90","author":"Del Giudice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1995.1022","article-title":"Behavioral effects of interleukin-1 beta: modulation by gender, estrus cycle, and progesterone","volume":"9","author":"Avitsur","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.02.006","article-title":"Microglial phagocytosis of newborn cells is induced by endocannabinoids and sculpts sex differences in juvenile rat social play","volume":"102","author":"VanRyzin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23753","article-title":"Microglia and sexual differentiation of the developing brain: a focus on ontogeny and intrinsic factors","volume":"68","author":"Bordt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23740","article-title":"Microglia and sexual differentiation of the developing brain: a focus on extrinsic factors","volume":"68","author":"VanRyzin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23176","article-title":"Generation of a microglial developmental index in mice and in humans reveals a sex difference in maturation and immune reactivity","volume":"65","author":"Hanamsagar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glia."},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01951768","article-title":"The influence of cold or isolation stress on resistance of mice to West Nile virus encephalitis","volume":"46","author":"Ben-Nathan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Experientia."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.12.001","article-title":"Synergistic and additive actions of a psychosocial stressor and endotoxin challenge: circulating and brain cytokines, plasma corticosterone and behavioral changes in mice","volume":"22","author":"Gibb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.07.012","article-title":"Stressor-specific alterations in corticosterone and immune responses in mice","volume":"22","author":"Bowers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.01011","article-title":"Prolonged periods of social isolation from weaning reduce the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in blood and brain","volume":"12","author":"Corsi-Zuelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.01.008","article-title":"The effects of social isolation on wound healing mechanisms in female mice","volume":"127","author":"Pyter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol Behav."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2014.910761","article-title":"Contrasting mechanisms by which social isolation and restraint impair healing in male mice","volume":"17","author":"Pyter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stress."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01437","article-title":"Immune system dysregulation during spaceflight: potential countermeasures for deep space exploration missions","volume":"9","author":"Crucian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198401000-00004","article-title":"Urinary cortisol levels, cellular immunocompetency, and loneliness in psychiatric inpatients","volume":"46","author":"Kiecolt-Glaser","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Med."},{"key":"B134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612464059","article-title":"Loneliness promotes inflammation during acute stress","volume":"24","author":"Jaremka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Sci."},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.08.189","article-title":"Social engagement and loneliness are differentially associated with neuro-immune markers in older age: time-varying associations from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing","volume":"82","author":"Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1759","article-title":"Immunomodulation as treatment for severe COVID-19: a systematic review of current modalities and future directions","author":"Meyerowitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-017-0086-2","article-title":"Loneliness 5 years ante-mortem is associated with disease-related differential gene expression in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","volume":"8","author":"Canli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsw006","article-title":"Opioids and social bonding: naltrexone reduces feelings of social connection","volume":"11","author":"Inagaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affective Neurosci."},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.102","article-title":"Repeated social defeat, neuroinflammation, and behavior: monocytes carry the signal","volume":"42","author":"Weber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"B140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2012.07.006","article-title":"Social status, glucocorticoids, immune function, and health: can animal studies help us understand human socioeconomic-status-related health disparities?","volume":"62","author":"Cavigelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hormones Behav."},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05331.x","article-title":"Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease","volume":"1186","author":"McEwen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(01)00453-X","article-title":"Social status in mice: behavioral, endocrine and immune changes are context dependent","volume":"73","author":"Bartolomucci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol Behav."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.09.030","article-title":"Interleukin-6 induced by social stress promotes a unique transcriptional signature in the monocytes that facilitate anxiety","volume":"85","author":"Niraula","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8310","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902680RR","article-title":"Association of lymphoid tissue-resident commensal bacteria in mice with depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress","volume":"34","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.02.003","article-title":"Peripheral innate immune challenge exaggerated microglia activation, increased the number of inflammatory CNS macrophages, and prolonged social withdrawal in socially defeated mice","volume":"37","author":"Wohleb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.10.019","article-title":"Social disruption induces lung inflammation","volume":"24","author":"Curry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.01.015","article-title":"Repeated social defeat in female mice induces anxiety-like behavior associated with enhanced myelopoiesis and increased monocyte accumulation in the brain","volume":"78","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah3580","article-title":"Social status alters immune regulation and response to infection in macaques","volume":"354","author":"Snyder-Mackler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23317","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1820846116","article-title":"Social history and exposure to pathogen signals modulate social status effects on gene regulation in rhesus macaques","volume":"117","author":"Sanz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E12163","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811967115","article-title":"Dominance rank-associated gene expression is widespread, sex-specific, and a precursor to high social status in wild male baboons","volume":"115","author":"Lea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004601","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004601","article-title":"Human social genomics","volume":"10","author":"Cole","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.07.001","article-title":"Loneliness, eudaimonia, and the human conserved transcriptional response to adversity","volume":"62","author":"Cole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310655110","article-title":"Social stress up-regulates inflammatory gene expression in the leukocyte transcriptome via \u03b2-adrenergic induction of myelopoiesis","volume":"110","author":"Powell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx147","article-title":"Contemporaneous social environment and the architecture of late-life gene expression profiles","volume":"186","author":"Levine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21908","article-title":"Early life stress sensitizes individuals to the psychological correlates of mild fluctuations in inflammation","volume":"62","author":"Kuhlman","year":"","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol"},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.06.201","article-title":"Greater amygdala activity and dorsomedial prefrontal-amygdala coupling are associated with enhanced inflammatory responses to stress","volume":"43","author":"Muscatell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.04.007","article-title":"2006 Curt P. Richter award winner: social influences on stress responses and health","volume":"32","author":"DeVries","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0802-9","article-title":"Brain oxytocin: how puzzle stones from animal studies translate into psychiatry","volume":"26","author":"Grinevich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2003.09.005","article-title":"Stress and the aging immune system","volume":"18","author":"Hawkley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106477","article-title":"The influence of social hierarchy on primate health","volume":"308","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1997.1402","article-title":"Social environment and steroid hormones affect species and sex differences in immune function among voles","volume":"32","author":"Klein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hormones Behav"},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(96)00370-8","article-title":"Juvenile friends, behavior, and immune responses to separation in bonnet macaque infants","volume":"61","author":"Boccia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physiol Behav."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.53","article-title":"Maternal warmth buffers the effects of low early-life socioeconomic status on pro-inflammatory signaling in adulthood","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.09.004","article-title":"Association between perceived social support and Th1 dominance","volume":"70","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychol."},{"key":"B165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)00401-9","article-title":"Nonapeptides and the evolutionary patterning of sociality","volume":"170","author":"Goodson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Progr Brain Res."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.120.019398","article-title":"Is oxytocin \u201cnature's medicine\u201d?","volume":"72","author":"Carter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2019.100794","article-title":"The inflammatory event of birth: how oxytocin signaling may guide the development of the brain and gastrointestinal system","volume":"55","author":"Kingsbury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E686","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90263.2008","article-title":"Oxytocin alleviates the neuroendocrine and cytokine response to bacterial endotoxin in healthy men","volume":"295","author":"Clodi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabol."},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2003.10.003","article-title":"Social facilitation of wound healing","volume":"29","author":"Detillion","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00714","article-title":"Oxytocin modulates the cognitive appraisal of the own and others close intimate relationships","volume":"13","author":"Aguilar-Raab","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"key":"B171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2017.05.005","article-title":"Involvement of the oxytocin system in the nucleus accumbens in the regulation of juvenile social novelty-seeking behavior","volume":"93","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hormones Behav."},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-016-1260-7","article-title":"Age and sex differences in oxytocin and vasopressin V1a receptor binding densities in the rat brain: focus on the social decision-making network","volume":"222","author":"Smith","year":"2017"},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2018.02.011","article-title":"Sex differences in the regulation of social and anxiety-related behaviors: insights from vasopressin and oxytocin brain systems","volume":"49","author":"Bredewold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.76","article-title":"Direct involvement of androgen receptor in oxytocin gene expression: possible relevance for mood disorders","volume":"42","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.05.025","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic expression of oxytocin binding sites in forebrain and spinal cord of the rat","volume":"135","author":"Uhl-Bronner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12760","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12760","article-title":"Oestrogen and androgen receptor activation contribute to the masculinisation of oxytocin receptors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of rats","volume":"31","author":"Worley","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2013.02.017","article-title":"Frank A","volume":"63","author":"Bilbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hormones Behav."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.07.152","article-title":"Deficient adolescent social behavior following early-life inflammation is ameliorated by augmentation of anandamide signaling","volume":"58","author":"Doenni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3775","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0616-1","article-title":"Neonatal immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide triggers long-lasting sex- and age-related behavioral and immune\/neurotrophic alterations in mice: relevance to autism spectrum disorders","volume":"55","author":"Cust\u00f3dio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0457-y","article-title":"Sex-dependent behavioral deficits and neuropathology in a maternal immune activation model of autism","volume":"9","author":"Haida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.01.011","article-title":"Maternal immune activation yields offspring displaying mouse versions of the three core symptoms of autism","volume":"26","author":"Malkova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.07.035","article-title":"Maternal immune activation in nonhuman primates alters social attention in juvenile offspring","volume":"77","author":"Machado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.02.002","article-title":"The influence of immune activation at early vs. late gestation on fetal NRG1-ErbB4 expression and behavior in juvenile and adult mice offspring","volume":"79","author":"Dabbah-Assadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.129","article-title":"Late prenatal immune activation in mice leads to behavioral and neurochemical abnormalities relevant to the negative symptoms of schizophrenia","volume":"35","author":"Bitanihirwe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.05.035","article-title":"Immunoadolescence: neuroimmune development and adolescent behavior","volume":"70","author":"Brenhouse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.11.006","article-title":"Puberty as a vulnerable period to the effects of immune challenges: Focus on sex differences","volume":"320","author":"Kane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.135381","article-title":"Sex differences in prefrontal cortex microglia morphology: impact of a two-hit model of adversity throughout development","volume":"738","author":"Gildawie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.06.027","article-title":"Chronic psychological stress during adolescence induces sex-dependent adulthood inflammation, increased adiposity, and abnormal behaviors that are ameliorated by selective inhibition of soluble tumor necrosis factor with XPro1595","volume":"81","author":"Eidson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immunity"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(95)00141-7","article-title":"Peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide induces activation of microglial cells in rat brain","volume":"29","author":"Buttini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurochem Int."},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(99)00071-1","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation in culture: temporal profiles of morphological change and release of cytokines and nitric oxide","volume":"35","author":"Nakamura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci Res."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487200","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.487200","article-title":"Stressful life events in different social contexts are associated with self-injury from early adolescence to early adulthood","volume":"11","author":"Steinhoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.10.013","article-title":"Sensitivity to the depressogenic effect of stress and HPA-axis reactivity in adolescence: a review of gender differences","volume":"35","author":"Oldehinkel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.09.007","article-title":"Adolescent social isolation changes social recognition in adult mice","volume":"216","author":"Kercmar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.06.035","article-title":"Chronic social instability induces anxiety and defective social interactions across generations","volume":"73","author":"Saavedra-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.02.012","article-title":"Development of social play in hamsters: sex differences and their possible functions","volume":"1712","author":"Kyle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.633664\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T05:42:58Z","timestamp":1613972578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.633664\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"references-count":195,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.633664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.633664","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"article-number":"633664"}}