{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T06:59:10Z","timestamp":1782284350620,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Empirical soundness and international robustness of the PID5BF+M, a shortened version of the PID-5 developed for simultaneous evaluation of maladaptive personality traits in the DSM-5 AMPD and ICD-11 models for personality disorders, was recently confirmed in 16 samples from different countries. Because the modified PID5BF+ scale (36 items) was extracted from the complete 220-item PID-5, an independent evaluation of psychometric properties of a stand-alone PID5BF+M is still missing.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> The present study evaluated the validity and reliability of the 36-item PID5BF+M in comparison with the extracted version from the original PID-5. It also assessed associations between the Borderline Pattern qualifier and trait domain qualifiers.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Two non-clinical samples meeting the inclusion criteria were employed in the study. Sample 1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 614) completed the 220-item PID-5; Sample 2 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1,040) completed the independent 36-item PID5BF+M. Participants were from all 14 regions of the Czech Republic. The Borderline Pattern qualifier was evaluated using a shortened IPDEQ screener.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The proposed latent structure of the independent PID5BF+M was confirmed, with an exception of the Disinhibition domain. The results confirmed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the measure, as well as some support for the measurement invariance of the independent PID5BF+M in comparison with the extracted version from the original PID-5. Significant associations between the Negative affectivity, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism qualifiers and the IPDEQ items for the emotionally unstable personality disorder of both impulsive and borderline types confirmed good predictive validity of the PID5BF+M in pursuing borderline psychopathology within the ICD-11 model.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The independent PID5BF+M was found to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluation of the ICD-11 trait model. However, the Disinhibition domain deserves further investigation in clinical samples as well as in international community samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.643270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T04:29:18Z","timestamp":1622003358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Psychometric Properties of the Independent 36-Item PID5BF+M for ICD-11 in the Czech-Speaking Community Sample"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Karel D.","family":"Riegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert J.","family":"Ksinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Schlosserova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1159\/000508538","article-title":"An overview of the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders","volume":"53","author":"Krueger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopathology."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.19.2.110.62628","article-title":"Alternative dimensional models of personality disorder: finding a common ground","volume":"19","author":"Widiger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Personal Disord."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867417727867","article-title":"ICD-11 and DSM-5 personality trait domains capture categorical personality disorders: finding a common ground","volume":"52","author":"Bach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust New Zeal J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1908-3","article-title":"Application of the ICD-11 classification of personality disorders","volume":"18","author":"Bach","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002674","article-title":"Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5","volume":"42","author":"Krueger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-016-0169-5","article-title":"The personality inventory for DSM-5 short form (PID-5-SF): psychometric properties and association with big five traits and pathological beliefs in a Norwegian population","volume":"4","author":"Thimm","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000162","article-title":"The alternative DSM-5 personality disorder traits criterion: a comparative examination of three self-report forms in a Danish population","volume":"7","author":"Bach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Personal Disord."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1423","article-title":"Unidimensionality of the Personality inventory for DSM-5 facets: evidence from two Czech-speaking samples","volume":"12","author":"Riegel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Personality and Mental Health."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000459","article-title":"A self-report measure for the ICD-11 dimensional trait model proposal: the Personality inventory for ICD-11","volume":"30","author":"Oltmanns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000763","article-title":"The five-factor personality inventory for ICD-11: a facet-level assessment of the ICD-11 trait model","volume":"32","author":"Oltmanns","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000507589","article-title":"International assessment of DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality disorder traits: toward a common nosology in DSM-5.1","volume":"53","author":"Bach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopathology."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1442","article-title":"Mental health professionals' perceived clinical utility of the ICD-10 vs. ICD-11 classification of personality disorders","volume":"13","author":"Hansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Personal Ment Health."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.3.472","article-title":"Growth of the literature on the topic of personality disorders","volume":"157","author":"Blashfield","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095736","article-title":"The development of the ICD-11 classification of personality disorders: An amalgam of science, pragmatism, and politics","volume":"15","author":"Tyrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036481","article-title":"Clinician judgments of clinical utility: a comparison of DSM-IV-TR personality disorders and the alternative model for DSM-5 personality disorders","volume":"123","author":"Morey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073191120971848","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/rsw54","article-title":"Development of a short and ICD-11 compatible measure for DSM-5 maladaptive personality traits using ant colony optimization algorithms","volume":"28","author":"Kerber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Assessment."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025251","article-title":"The return of the anal character","volume":"15","author":"Haslam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Gene Psychol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000605","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the five-factor internal structure of the Personality inventory for DSM-5","volume":"30","author":"Watters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.12.1.102","article-title":"On the sins of short-form development","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000307","article-title":"Meta-analysis to derive an empirically based set of personality facet criteria for the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders","volume":"10","author":"Watters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Personal Disord."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.05.001","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders and associated disability: results from the cross-sectional CZEch mental health study (CZEMS)","volume":"60","author":"Formanek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry."},{"key":"B22","unstructured":"Psychometric properties of the Czech version of the personality inventory for DSM-5: internal consistency, validity and discrimination capacity of the measure12843\n            RiegelKD\n            PreissM\n            KsinanAJ\n            MichalecJ\n            SamankovaD\n            HarsaP\n          Czechoslovak Psychology.612017"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511663215","volume-title":"Assessment and Diagnosis of Personality Disorders: The ICD-10 International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE)","author":"Loranger","year":"1997"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2016.1158719","article-title":"Development of a Response inconsistency scale for the Personality inventory for DSM-5","volume":"98","author":"Keeley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000547","article-title":"Further evidence for the validity of a response inconsistency scale for the Personality inventory for DSM-5 in Italian community-dwelling adolescents, community-dwelling adults, clinical adults","volume":"30","author":"Somma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2017.1420659","article-title":"The validity and clinical utility of the personality inventory for DSM-5 response inconsistency scale","volume":"100","author":"Bagby","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2019.1674320","article-title":"Further validation of the response inconsistency scale for the Personality inventory for DSM-5","volume":"102","author":"Lowmaster","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"Mplus User's Guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":""},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-009-9135-y","article-title":"Ensuring positiveness of the scaled difference chi-square test statistic","volume":"75","author":"Satorra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychometrika."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0902_5","article-title":"Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance","volume":"9","author":"Cheung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0133413","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133413","article-title":"The psychometric properties of the French version of the personality inventory for DSM-5","volume":"10","author":"Roskam","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.1437","article-title":"The Portuguese version of the personality inventory for the DSM-5 in a community and a clinical sample","volume":"13","author":"Pires","year":"2019","journal-title":"Personal Ment Health."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pra.0000460618.02805.ef","article-title":"Clinical utility of the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders: six cases from practice","volume":"21","author":"Bach","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Pract."},{"key":"B34","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"B35","volume-title":"The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines","year":"1992"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12748","article-title":"Deriving ICD-11 personality disorder domains from dsm-5 traits: initial attempt to harmonize two diagnostic systems","volume":"136","author":"Bach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand."},{"key":"B37","volume-title":"Impasse and Interpretation","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"1987"},{"key":"B38","first-page":"13","article-title":"Thick- and thin-skinned organisations and enactment in borderline and narcissistic disorders","volume":"79","author":"Bateman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Psychoanal."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113475808","article-title":"General and maladaptive traits in a five-factor framework for DSM-5 in a University student sample","volume":"20","author":"De Fruyt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Assessment."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032822","article-title":"The DSM-5 dimensional trait model and five-factor models of general personality","volume":"122","author":"Gore","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2012.26.5.641","article-title":"The maladaptive personality traits of the personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in relation to the HEXACO personality factors and schizotypy\/dissociation","volume":"26","author":"Ashton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pers Disord."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000037","article-title":"On the structure of personality disorder traits: conjoint analyses of the CAT-PD, PID-5, and NEO-PI-3 trait models","volume":"5","author":"Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"Personal Disord."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191116676889","article-title":"Utility of the personality inventory for DSM-5-brief form (PID-5-BF) in the measurement of maladaptive personality and psychopathology","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Assessment."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191115621793","article-title":"The personality inventory for DSM-5 brief form: evidence for reliability and construct validity in a sample of community-dwelling italian adolescents","volume":"24","author":"Fossati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Assessment."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.3.309","article-title":"Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development","volume":"7","author":"Clark","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol Assessment."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.78.1.98","article-title":"What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications","volume":"78","author":"Cortina","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","article-title":"Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests","volume":"16","author":"Cronbach","year":"1951","journal-title":"Psychometrika."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000711","article-title":"The replicability of the personality inventory for DSM-5 domain scale factor structure in U.S. and non-U.S. samples: a quantitative review of the published literature","volume":"31","author":"Somma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"key":"B49","volume-title":"The Internal and One-Week Retest Reliability of the PID\u22125 Domains and Facets","author":"Dhillon","year":"2015"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000120","article-title":"Testing whether the DSM-5 personality disorder trait model can be measured with a reduced set of items: an item response theory investigation of the Personality inventory for DSM-5","volume":"27","author":"Maples","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1159\/000508353","article-title":"An object relations model perspective on the alternative model for personality disorders (DSM-5)","volume":"53","author":"Clarkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopathology."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1079-z","article-title":"A brief but comprehensive review of research on the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders","volume":"21","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.190","article-title":"The rationale for the reclassification of personality disorder in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)","volume":"5","author":"Tyrer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Personal Ment Health."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000461","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of personality disorders: novel approaches","volume":"32","author":"Mulder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S179091","article-title":"Dissociative states in borderline personality disorder and their relationships to psychotropic medication","volume":"14","author":"Pec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-827243","article-title":"Naloxone in the treatment of acute dissociative states in female patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"37","author":"Philipsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2006.20.3.247","article-title":"The BPQ: a scale for the assessment of borderline personality based on DSM-IV criteria","volume":"20","author":"Poreh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pers Disord."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.643270\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T04:29:26Z","timestamp":1622003366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.643270\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.643270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.643270","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"article-number":"643270"}}