{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:38:19Z","timestamp":1792589899189,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017003","name":"Peking University Health Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Medical students are affected by high levels of general anxiety disorder. However, few studies have specifically focused on the applicability of universal anxiety screening tools in this sample. This study was aimed to evaluate the psychometric property of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) among Chinese medical university students.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,021 medical postgraduates from six polyclinic hospitals. Internal consistency and convergent validity of the GAD-7 were evaluated. Factor analyses were used to test the construct validity of the scale. An item response theory (IRT) framework was used to estimate the parameters of each item. Multi-group confirmatory analyses and differential item function analyses were used to evaluate the measurement equivalence of the GAD-7 across age, gender, educational status, and residence.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Cronbach's \u03b1 coefficient was 0.93 and the intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.71 to 0.87. The GAD-7 summed score was significantly correlated with measures of depression symptoms, perceived stress, sleep disorders, and life satisfaction. Parallel analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-factor structure of the GAD-7. Seven items showed appropriate discrimination and difficulty parameters. The GAD-7 showed good measurement equivalence across demographic characteristics. The total test information of the scale was 22.85, but the test information within the range of mild symptoms was relatively low.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The GAD-7 has good reliability, validity, and measurement invariance among Chinese medical postgraduate students, but its measurement precision for mild anxiety symptoms is insufficient.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.648755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T01:09:58Z","timestamp":1621386598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Reliability, Validity, and Measurement Invariance of the General Anxiety Disorder Scale Among Chinese Medical University Students"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guifang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingbing","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17324","article-title":"Prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"316","author":"Rotenstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.34.1.66","article-title":"Changes in counseling center client problems across 13 years","volume":"34","author":"Benton Robertson Sherry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prof Psychol Res Pract."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200604000-00009","article-title":"Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among US, and Canadian medical students","volume":"81","author":"Dyrbye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acad Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/22.4.492","article-title":"The health of students in institutes of higher education: an important and neglected public health problem?","volume":"22","author":"Stewart-Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Public Health Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/s0013-7006(06)76276-5","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in medical students. Transversal study in medical students in the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut","volume":"32","author":"Mehanna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Encephale."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-198009000-00007","article-title":"The effects of two methods of pelvic examination instruction on student performance and anxiety","volume":"55","author":"Vontver","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Med Educ."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1983.tb00610.x","article-title":"Some norms and reliability data for the State\u2013Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Zung Self-Rating Depression scale","volume":"22","author":"Knight","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717001039","article-title":"Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys \u2013 CORRIGENDUM","volume":"3","author":"Auerbach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"B10","article-title":"Do Lynna Lan Tien Nguyen: American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Child Behavior Development","author":"Goldstein","year":"2011"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1993.tb02489.x","article-title":"Selective influence of test anxiety on reading processes","volume":"84","author":"Calvo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Psychol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.1802","article-title":"Validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale in an acute psychiatric sample","volume":"20","author":"Kertz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00212716","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311x00212716","article-title":"Factor structure and construct validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) among Portuguese college students","volume":"33","author":"B\u00e1rtolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2016.1205073","article-title":"Depression, anxiety, and tobacco use: Overlapping impediments to sleep in a national sample of college students","volume":"64","author":"Boehm","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.8.807","article-title":"Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","volume":"61","author":"Grant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.12512","article-title":"Medical student depression, anxiety and distress outside North America: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Hope","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Educ."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2017-2223","article-title":"Mental health problems among medical students in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Pacheco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15337","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000015337","article-title":"Prevalence of mental health problems among medical students in China: a meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16152735","article-title":"The global prevalence of anxiety among medical students: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Quek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2305-5839.2016.02.07","article-title":"Mental health issues amongst medical students in Asia: a systematic review [2000-2015]","volume":"4","author":"Cuttilan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med."},{"key":"B21","first-page":"192","article-title":"Depression, anxiety, stress among postgraduate medical residents: a cross sectional observation in Bangladesh","volume":"14","author":"Sadiq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.8.1228","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed","volume":"152","author":"Samuel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.11.019","article-title":"Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) among Chinese people with epilepsy","volume":"120","author":"Tong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.9788\/TP2016.1-25","article-title":"Factor structure, reliability, and item parameters of the Brazilian-Portuguese Version of the GAD-7 Questionnaire","volume":"24","author":"Moreno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Temas em Psicologia."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-8-8","article-title":"Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool","volume":"8","author":"Garc\u00eda-Campayo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.01.016","article-title":"Quick and easy self-rating of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: validity of the Dutch web-based GAD-7, GAD-2 and GAD-SI","volume":"188","author":"Donker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0125096","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125096","article-title":"Diagnostic Validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7) among pregnant women","volume":"10","author":"Zhong","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.12.012","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener GAD-7, based on a large German general population sample","volume":"210","author":"Hinz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1080\/24750573.2019.1691320","article-title":"The psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) among Korean university students","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2019.1594647","article-title":"High levels of depression and anxiety among Croatian medical and nursing students and the correlation between subjective happiness and personality traits","volume":"31","author":"Mili\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/10401334.2016.1153475","article-title":"A peer-support and mindfulness program to improve the mental health of medical students","volume":"28","author":"Moir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Teach Learn Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.2147\/jmdh.s259905","article-title":"Anxiety and its association with preparation for future specialty: a cross-sectional study among medical students, Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"AlShamlan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"1426","article-title":"Improving patient reported outcomes using item response theory and computerized adaptive testing","volume":"34","author":"Chakravarty","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200009002-00007","article-title":"Item response theory and health outcomes measurement in the 21st century","volume":"38","author":"Hays","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-014-0176-2","article-title":"Sample size used to validate a scale: a review of publications on newly-developed patient reported outcomes measures","volume":"12","author":"Anthoine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.5455\/jbh.20160615121755","article-title":"Cross cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of research instruments: a methodological review","volume":"5","author":"Arafat Smy Chowdhury","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Behav Health."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1002-0829.2010.04.002","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a generalized anxiety disorder scale in general hospital outpatients","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shang Arch Psychiatry."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3109\/02813432.2014.920597","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety disorders among Finnish primary care high utilizers and validation of Finnish translation of GAD-7 and GAD-2 screening tools","volume":"32","author":"Kujanp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Prim Health Care."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.10.035","article-title":"Measurement invariance of assessments of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) across sex, strata and linguistic backgrounds in a European-wide sample of patients after Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"262","author":"Teymoori","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01741","article-title":"Factorial validity and invariance of the 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) among populations with and without self-reported psychiatric diagnostic status","volume":"9","author":"Doi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004","article-title":"Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection","volume":"146","author":"Kroenke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1071\/hc12005","article-title":"Validation of the GAD-7 (Malay version) among women attending a primary care clinic in Malaysia","volume":"4","author":"Sidik","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Prim Health Care."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.011","article-title":"Brief case finding tools for anxiety disorders: validation of GAD-7 and GAD-2 in addictions treatment","volume":"125","author":"Delgadillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371405900806","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as screening tools for generalized anxiety disorder in pregnancy and the postpartum period","volume":"59","author":"Simpson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-015-0583-8","article-title":"Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and GAD-2 in patients with migraine","volume":"16","author":"Seo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Headache Pain."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191117715731","article-title":"The German Version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10): evaluation of dimensionality, validity, and measurement invariance with exploratory and confirmatory bifactor modeling","volume":"26","author":"Reis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Assessment."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3999(00)00095-7","article-title":"Athens Insomnia Scale: validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria","volume":"48","author":"Soldatos","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01593882","article-title":"Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: are available health status surveys adequate?","volume":"4","author":"McHorney","year":"1995","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1993.10485363","article-title":"A first course in factor analysis","volume":"35","author":"Price Barbara Comrey Andrew","year":"1993","journal-title":"Technometrics."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118619179","volume-title":"Structural Equations With Latent Variable","author":"Bollen","year":"1989"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/01466216000241003","article-title":"Likelihood-based item-fit indices for dichotomous item response theory models","volume":"24","author":"Orlando","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000250483.85507.04","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation and calibration of health-related quality of life item banks","volume":"45","author":"Reeve Bryce","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1025014509626","article-title":"Item banking to improve, shorten and computerize self-reported fatigue: an illustration of steps to create a core item bank from the FACIT-Fatigue Scale","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191110374797","article-title":"The value of item response theory in clinical assessment: a review","volume":"18","author":"Thomas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Assessment."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191114536772","article-title":"Factorial invariance of the Five-Factor Model Rating Form across gender","volume":"22","author":"Samuel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Assessment."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0902_5","article-title":"Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance","volume":"9","author":"Cheung Gordon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model A Multidiplinary J."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2016.06.004","article-title":"Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: the state of the art and future directions for psychological research","volume":"41","author":"Putnick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Rev."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164416645844","article-title":"Effect of purification procedures on DIF analysis in IRTPRO","volume":"77","author":"Fikis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas."},{"key":"B61","first-page":"196","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in medical students related to desire for and expectations from a medical career","volume":"59","author":"Karaoglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"West Indian Med J."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0244-2","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Portuguese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale","volume":"13","author":"Sousa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093","article-title":"Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population","volume":"46","author":"L\u00f6we","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-016-9571-9","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) in outpatients with anxiety and mood disorders","volume":"39","author":"Rutter","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.06.002","article-title":"Beyond generalized anxiety disorder: psychometric properties of the GAD-7 in a heterogeneous psychiatric sample","volume":"28","author":"Beard","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23108","article-title":"The Rasch measurement model in rheumatology: what is it and why use it? When should it be applied, and what should one look for in a Rasch paper?","volume":"57","author":"Tennant","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.12.019","article-title":"Dimensional assessment of depressive severity in the elderly general population: psychometric evaluation of the PHQ-9 using Rasch Analysis","volume":"148","author":"Forkmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.004","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale in antepartum women from Ghana and C\u00f4te d'Ivoire","volume":"169","author":"Barthel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0182162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182162","article-title":"Psychometric analysis of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) in primary care using modern item response theory","volume":"12","author":"Jordan","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.648755\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T01:10:12Z","timestamp":1621386612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.648755\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.648755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.648755","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"article-number":"648755"}}