{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T04:08:05Z","timestamp":1788840485382,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Mental health may affect the quality of life (QoL) in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, mental disorders have not been systematically assessed in these patients. We examined the prevalence of mental disorders using structured interviews and determined their impact on QoL in patients with PAH.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study included 217 patients with PAH from two German referral centers. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using the structured clinical interview for DSM-V. QoL was assessed using the WHO Quality of Life questionnaire (short form). The diagnostic value of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    More than one third of the patients had psychological disorders with current or past adjustment disorder (38.2%), current major depressive disorder (23.0%), and panic disorder (15.2%) being the most prevalent mental illnesses. About half of the patients with a history of adjustment disorder developed at least one other mental illness. The presence of mental disorders had a profound impact on QoL. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ruled out panic disorder and depression disorder with negative predictive values of almost 90%.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Mental disorders, in particular adjustment disorder, major depression, and panic disorder, are common in patients with PAH and contribute to impaired QoL in these patients. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale may be used as a screening tool for the most common mental health disorders. Future studies need to address interventional strategies targeting mental disorders in patients with PAH.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.667602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:53:53Z","timestamp":1622422433000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Impact on Quality of Life in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Olsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Meltendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Fuge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan C.","family":"Kamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-Hee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel J.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Gall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein A.","family":"Ghofrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pisana","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Schmiedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Dieter","family":"Kulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Heitland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Lepsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madelaine-Rachel","family":"Dering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius M.","family":"Hoeper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai G.","family":"Kahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv317","article-title":"2015 ESC\/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Galie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-1166","article-title":"Delay in recognition of pulmonary arterial hypertension: factors identified from the REVEAL registry","volume":"140","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13768","article-title":"Diagnostic delay in pulmonary arterial hypertension: insights from the Australian and New Zealand pulmonary hypertension registry","volume":"25","author":"Khou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respirology."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-104","article-title":"Anxiety and depression disorders in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"14","author":"Harzheim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1377013","article-title":"Mental distress and wish for psychosomatic treatment of patients with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"64","author":"Larisch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2017.12.004","article-title":"Quality of life and psychological symptoms in patients with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"47","author":"Von Visger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Lung."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S147173","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in patients with pulmonary hypertension: impact and management challenges","volume":"14","author":"Bussotti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1159\/000445805","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety and depression in pulmonary hypertension and changes during therapy","volume":"91","author":"Somaini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respiration."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2018.04.002","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in patients with pulmonary hypertension: the role of life satisfaction and optimism","volume":"59","author":"Aguirre-Camacho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychosomatics."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000145593.37594.39","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in patients with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"66","author":"Lowe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-017-0052-z","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, and health-related QOL in patients diagnosed with PAH or CTEPH","volume":"195","author":"Pfeuffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lung."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.8566","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: results from a Chinese survey","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1590","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1590","article-title":"Reliability and validity of severity dimensions of psychopathology assessed using the structured clinical interview for DSM-5 (SCID)","volume":"27","author":"Shankman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801919","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01919-2018","article-title":"The importance of patient perspectives in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"53","author":"McGoon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S258953","article-title":"Comparison of SF-36 and WHOQoL-BREF in measuring quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Abbasi-Ghahramanloo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1439","article-title":"Twelve-month prevalence, comorbidity and correlates of mental disorders in Germany: the mental health module of the German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1-MH)","volume":"23","author":"Jacobi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht462","article-title":"Depression and cardiovascular disease: a clinical review","volume":"35","author":"Hare","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.06.047","article-title":"Mental disorders in adults with congenital heart disease: unmet needs and impact on quality of life","volume":"204","author":"Westhoff-Bleck","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2016.04.019","article-title":"Symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Buchberger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-3692(15)34468-8","article-title":"Surprisingly high prevalence of anxiety and depression in chronic breathing disorders","volume":"127","author":"Kunik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00143","article-title":"Metacognitive therapy for adjustment disorder in a patient with newly diagnosed pulmonary arterial hypertension: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Winter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328358e531","article-title":"The third wave of cognitive behavioural therapies: what is new and what is effective?","volume":"25","author":"Kahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00296-3","article-title":"The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. An updated literature review","volume":"52","author":"Bjelland","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(96)00216-4","article-title":"International experiences with the hospital anxiety and depression scale\u2013a review of validation data and clinical results","volume":"42","author":"Herrmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.667602\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:53:55Z","timestamp":1622422435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.667602\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.667602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.667602","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"article-number":"667602"}}