{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T07:32:29Z","timestamp":1778139149539,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Delivering person-centered care is a key component of health care reform. Despite widespread endorsement, medical and behavioral health settings struggle to specify and measure person-centered care objectively. This study presents the validity and reliability of the Person-Centered Care Planning Assessment Measure (PCCP-AM), an objective measure of the extent to which service planning is person-centered.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Based upon the recovery-oriented practice of person-centered care planning, the 10-item PCCP-AM tool rates service plans on the inclusion of service user strengths, personal life goals, natural supports, self-directed actions and the promotion of community integration. As part of a large randomized controlled trial of person-centered care planning, service plans completed by community mental health clinic providers were rated using the PCCP-AM. Reliability was tested by calculating inter-rater reliability across 168 plans and internal consistency across 798 plans. To test concurrent validity, PCCP-AM scores for 84 plans were compared to expert rater scores on a separate instrument.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Interrater reliability for each of the 10 PCCP-AM items as measured by Kendall's <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic> ranged from <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic> = 0.77 to <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic> = 0.89 and percent of scores within \u00b1 1 point of each other ranged from 85.7 to 100%. Overall internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's alpha across 798 plans was \u03b1 = 0.72. Concurrent validity as measured by Kendall's <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic> ranged from <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic> = 0.55 to <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic> = 0.74 and percent of item scores within \u00b1 1 point of expert rater scores ranged from 73.8 to 86.8%.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> Findings demonstrated that the 10-item PCCP-AM was a valid and reliable objective measure of person-centered care. Using the service plan as an indicator of multiple domains of person-centered care, the measure provides a valuable tool to inform clinical supervision and quality improvement across programs. More psychometric testing is needed to strengthen the measure for research purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.681597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T05:14:03Z","timestamp":1627881243000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Developing a Tool to Measure Person-Centered Care in Service Planning"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"Stanhope","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Baslock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janis","family":"Tondora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Jessell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail M.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven C.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. The Brief Report","year":"2001"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Behavioral Health Homes for People With Mental Health and Substance Abuse Conditions: The Core Clinical Features","author":"Alexander","year":"2012"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2009.0888","article-title":"Why the nation needs a policy push on patient-centered health care","volume":"29","author":"Epstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"WHO Global Strategy on Integrated People-Centred Health Services 2016\u20132026: Executive Summary","year":"2015"},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"Next Steps on the NHS Five Year Forward View","year":"2017"},{"key":"B6","volume-title":"Patient Centered Care: Improving Safety and Quality Through Partnerships With Patients and Consumers","year":"2011"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD010523","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010523.pub2","article-title":"Personalised care planning for adults with chronic or long-term health conditions","volume":"3","author":"Coulter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558713496318","article-title":"Patient-centered approaches to health care: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"70","author":"McMillan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Care Res Rev."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12039","article-title":"Efficacy of person-centred care as an intervention in controlled trials \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Olsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1108\/MHRJ-01-2017-0002","article-title":"Expanding the concept of shared decision making for mental health: a systematic and scoping review of interventions","volume":"22","author":"Zisman-Ilani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ment Health Rev J."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2010.61.4.380","article-title":"Medication preferences and adherence among individuals with severe mental illness and psychiatric advance directives","volume":"61","author":"Wilder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-005-8617-z","article-title":"Decreasing psychiatric symptoms by increasing choice in services for adults with histories of homelessness","volume":"36","author":"Greenwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Commun Psychol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201100489","article-title":"Impact of person-centered planning and collaborative documentation on treatment adherence","volume":"64","author":"Stanhope","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1159\/000126073","article-title":"Systematic review of the effects of shared decision-making on patient satisfaction, treatment adherence and health status","volume":"77","author":"Joosten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11908-9_8","article-title":"Shared decision-making and self-directed care.","volume-title":"The Palgrave Handbook of American Mental Health Policy","author":"Salyers","year":"2020"},{"key":"B16","first-page":"410","article-title":"The top ten concerns about Person-Centered Care Planning in mental health systems","volume":"2","author":"Tondora","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pers Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-017-0216-6","article-title":"Do providers know what they do not know? A correlational study of knowledge acquisition and person-centered care","volume":"54","author":"Matthews","year":"2018","journal-title":"Commun Ment Health J."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"w555","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.28.4.w555","article-title":"What \u2018patient-centered'should mean: confessions of an extremist","volume":"28","author":"Berwick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-010-0319-7","article-title":"Outcomes for implementation research: conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda","volume":"38","author":"Proctor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-019-00991-6","article-title":"Assessing the fidelity of evidence-based practices: history and current status of a standardized measurement methodology","volume":"47","author":"Bond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-2-40","article-title":"A conceptual framework for implementation fidelity","volume":"2","author":"Carroll","year":"2007","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201100430","article-title":"Advances in fidelity measurement for mental health services research: four measures","volume":"63","author":"Teague","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"key":"B23","volume-title":"Group Home Rehabilitation Services, Under the Medicaid Rehabilitation Option (MRO).","year":"2015"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/1078390310394658","article-title":"The TMACT: a new tool for measuring fidelity to assertive community treatment","volume":"17","author":"Monroe-DeVita","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Psychiatr Nurs Assoc."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1037\/h0101301","article-title":"Coping with: recovery as a journey of the heart","volume":"19","author":"Deegan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychiatr Rehabil J."},{"key":"B26","first-page":"03","volume-title":"New Freedom Commission on Mental Health: Achieving the promise: Transforming Mental Health Care in America","year":"2003"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118388532","volume-title":"Partnering for Recovery in Mental Health: A Practical Guide to Person-Centered Planning.","author":"Tondora","year":"2014"},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"Guidance to HHS Agencies for Implementing Principles of Section 2403(a) of the Affordable Care Act: Standards for Person-Centered Planning and Self-Direction in Home and Community-Based Services Programs.","year":"2014"},{"key":"B29","volume-title":"Criteria for the Demonstration Program to Improve Community Mental Health Centers and to Establish Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics","year":"2016"},{"key":"B30","volume-title":"Implementation of Person-Centered Care and Planning. From Policy and Practice to Evaluation","author":"Tondora","year":"2005"},{"key":"B31","volume-title":"Five Competency Domains for Staff Who Facilitate Person-Centered Planning","author":"Tondora","year":"2020"},{"key":"B32","volume-title":"Treatment Planning for Person-Centered Care: The Road to Mental Health and Addiction Recovery: Mapping the Journey for Individuals, Families and Providers","author":"Adams","year":"2014"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-016-0732-7","article-title":"Barriers to implementing person-centered recovery planning in public mental health organizations in Texas: results from nine focus groups","volume":"44","author":"Lodge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-0715-0","article-title":"Person-centered care planning and service engagement: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Stanhope","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-008-9101-0","article-title":"On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of Cronbach's alpha","volume":"74","author":"Sijtsma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychometrika."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470013192.bsa327","article-title":"Kendall's coefficient of concordance","author":"Field","year":"2005","journal-title":"Encyclopedia Stat Behav Sci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-012-9522-x","article-title":"The quality implementation framework: a synthesis of critical steps in the implementation process","volume":"50","author":"Meyers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Commun Psychol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-015-0209-1","article-title":"A refined compilation of implementation strategies: results from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) project","volume":"10","author":"Powell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Implement Sci."},{"key":"B39","volume-title":"Person-Centered Planning and Practice: The Final Report","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.681597\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T05:14:20Z","timestamp":1627881260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.681597\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.681597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.681597","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"article-number":"681597"}}