{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:27:24Z","timestamp":1787027244396,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Recent fMRI studies on specific animal phobias, particularly spider phobia (arachnophobia), have identified a large variety of specific brain regions involved in normal and disturbed fear processing. Both functional and structural brain abnormalities have been identified among phobic patients. Current research suggests that both conscious and subconscious fear processing play a crucial role in phobic disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy has been identified as an effective treatment for specific phobias and has been associated with neuroplastic effects which can be evaluated using current neuroimaging techniques. Recent research suggests that new approaches using virtual (VR) or augmented reality (AR) tend to be similarly effective as traditional \u201c\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201d therapy methods and could expand treatment options for different medical or individual scenarios. This narrative review elaborates on neural structures and particularities of arachnophobia. Current treatment options are discussed and future research questions are highlighted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.704174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T04:43:22Z","timestamp":1629780202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Spider Phobia: Neural Networks Informing Diagnosis and (Virtual\/Augmented Reality-Based) Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jonas","family":"Hinze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"R\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Menzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Domschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Riemenschneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Noll-Hussong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5","year":"2013"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30169-X","article-title":"Specific phobias","volume":"5","author":"Eaton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5865","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005865","article-title":"Human fear conditioning and extinction in neuroimaging: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Sehlmeyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2011.13.4\/kholzschneider","article-title":"Neuroimaging in anxiety disorders","volume":"13","author":"Holzschneider","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.007","article-title":"Re-valuing the amygdala","volume":"20","author":"Morrison","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05445.x","article-title":"What does the amygdala contribute to social cognition?","volume":"1191","author":"Adolphs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. 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