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However, there is still very limited knowledge about how men who have not been convicted of child sexual abuse but participate in voluntary treatment (here called non-forensic clients) differ from those who have been convicted and undergo mandated treatment (here called forensic clients). This study compared 22 forensic and 22 non-forensic clients regarding pedophilic interests, static and dynamic risk factors, responsivity features, and treatment progress during an individualized treatment based on the principles of risk, need, and responsivity. We found neither differences in the rates in the DSM-5 diagnosis of pedophilic disorder, nor in risk and responsivity associated scores at the beginning of treatment. In both groups, a low to moderate risk for sexual re-offending was estimated. Both groups improved their functioning on dynamic risk and responsivity factors under treatment, while age at the beginning of therapy also had a positive effect on all outcomes. Non-forensic clients had a higher amount of responsivity associated resources than forensic clients during treatment. The limitations of these results and their implications for further research and prevention approaches are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.708210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T08:03:54Z","timestamp":1632989034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mandated or Voluntary Treatment of Men Who Committed Child Sexual Abuse: Is There a Difference?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fritjof","family":"von Franqu\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peer","family":"Briken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.06.002","article-title":"Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Dworkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/e567322013-001","article-title":"The long-term effects of child sexual abuse","volume":"11","author":"Cashmore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Fam Community Aust."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838019869082","article-title":"Childhood physical and sexual abuse as a predictor of reoffending: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Dalsklev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abus."},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Pedophilia and Sexual Offending Against Children: Theory, Assessment, and Intervention","author":"Seto","year":"2008"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12466-X","article-title":"Development of sexually abusive behavior in sexually victimized males: a longitudinal study","volume":"361","author":"Salter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019700","article-title":"What is so special about adolescent sexual offending? 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