{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:24:30Z","timestamp":1777537470123,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have been reported to show cognitive impairments in attention, cognition control, and motivation. The purpose of this study is to compare and examine the characteristics of frontal and temporal cortical activity in outpatients with MDD during the word production task (Shiritori) using a single event-related Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) measurement method that was originally devised. The subjects were 29 MDD patients and 29 age matched healthy controls. In this task, one session consisted of two contrasting conditions (word production task, control condition), and all subjects alternated between these conditions. Each word was visually presented by a monitor for 0.3 s as an activation task and a fixed circle was presented for 12 s. In the activation task, subjects had to immediately generate a noun that starts with the last syllable of the presented word and they were required to say only creatures. From the data obtained at each measurement point during the 20 trials, and averaged waveform during activation task (20 trials) was calculated for each channel. During the word production task, the MDD patients showed significantly smaller activation than the controls in the prefrontal cortex area and inferior parietal area, especially in the left area. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between \u0394oxy-Hb at the bilateral temporal lobe area and HAM-D total score in the MDD patients. These findings suggest that a single event-related NIRS measurement during Japanese shiritori tasks may be useful tool for evaluating psychophysiological indices in MDD patients, that relationship between activation and symptom may be of help in predicting functional outcome in patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.709771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T04:32:52Z","timestamp":1634185972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Changes in Concentration of Cerebral Oxygenated Hemoglobin During Single Event-Related Japanese Shiritori Task in Patients With Major Depression Disorder: Comparison With Healthy Subjects"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Youhei","family":"Ishii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideya","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiichiro","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00836","article-title":"Exploration of major cognitive deficits in medication-free patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front psychiatry."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.07.025","article-title":"Frontal lobe function in bipolar disorder: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study","volume":"29","author":"Kameyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.04.001","article-title":"Frontal and right temporal activations correlate negatively with depression severity during verbal fluency task: a multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study","volume":"46","author":"Noda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.07.008","article-title":"Illuminating the developing brain: the past, present and future of functional near infrared spectroscopy","volume":"34","author":"Lloyd-Fox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.049","article-title":"A brief review on the history of human functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) development and fields of application","volume":"63","author":"Ferrari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.036","article-title":"NIRS-SPM: statistical parametric mapping for near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"44","author":"Ye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.126","article-title":"Neuroimaging-aided differential diagnosis of the depressive state","volume":"85","author":"Takizawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.09.008","article-title":"Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy in depression and schizophrenia: cognitive brain activation study","volume":"55","author":"Suto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.01.024","article-title":"Hypofrontality and microvascular dysregulation in remitted late-onset depression assessed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"26","author":"Matsuo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.02245.x","article-title":"The Danish PET\/depression project: clinical symptoms and cerebral blood flow. 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