{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T23:52:15Z","timestamp":1784332335844,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The treatment of patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorder poses a challenge for clinicians. Continued use of cannabis and cocaine can exacerbate psychotic symptoms and worsen the course of disease. To date, no pharmacotherapy is available for patients with cannabis use disorder (CUD). Cannabidiol (CBD) and \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the main active constituents in <jats:italic>Cannabis sativa<\/jats:italic>, with the latter being linked to an increased risk of psychosis. We describe a clinical case of a male patient diagnosed with schizophrenia, combined personality disorder, CUD and cocaine use disorder. Over the course of 8 years, he was hospitalized 30 times due to psychotic relapses and continued substance use. Consequently, CBD cigarettes with a low THC content (&amp;lt;1%) were used as adjunctive therapy. Additionally, we established off-label treatment with methylphenidate to support abstinence. The patient reported to feel significantly less need to consume illegal cannabis with a high THC content. He stopped to use cocaine, for the time being, and has not been hospitalized since. This case report demonstrates the potential of smoked CBD as a substitute for severe and chronic CUD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.712110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T07:51:15Z","timestamp":1626940275000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Case Report: CBD Cigarettes for Harm Reduction and Adjunctive Therapy in a Patient With Schizophrenia and Substance Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Borgwardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Scheidegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"K\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2020.02.003","article-title":"The blind men and the elephant: systematic review of systematic reviews of cannabis use related health harms","volume":"33","author":"Campeny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-018-0976-1","article-title":"An update on cannabis use disorder with comment on the impact of policy related to therapeutic and recreational cannabis use","volume":"269","author":"Budney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3947","article-title":"Nabiximols as an agonist replacement therapy during cannabis withdrawal: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"71","author":"Allsop","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0190768","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190768","article-title":"Nabiximols combined with motivational enhancement\/cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of cannabis dependence: a pilot randomized clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Trigo","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2019.08.002","article-title":"Cannabidiol (CBD) use in psychiatric disorders: a systematic review","volume":"74","author":"Bonaccorso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30290-X","article-title":"Cannabidiol for the treatment of cannabis use disorder: a phase 2a, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, adaptive Bayesian trial","volume":"7","author":"Freeman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"DasEidgen\u00f6ssische Departement des Innern (EDI)\n          [Swiss Ordinance on Narcotics List] Verordnung des EDI \u00fcber die Verzeichnisse der Bet\u00e4ubungsmittel, Psychotropen Stoffe, Vorl\u00e4uferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien 2011"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-57369-0_3","article-title":"Neuropharmacological effects of the main phytocannabinoids: a narrative review","volume":"1264","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e318261e193","article-title":"Co-occurring psychotic and addictive disorders: neurobiology and diagnosis","volume":"35","author":"Ross","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30048-3","article-title":"The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study","volume":"6","author":"Di Forti","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8071058","article-title":"The potential of cannabidiol as a treatment for psychosis and addiction: who benefits most? 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