{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:00:15Z","timestamp":1791583215617,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> This study aimed to explore the main effects of environmental risk factors as well as their interaction effects with miRNA on the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> One hundred fifty-nine ASD children (ASD group) and 159 healthy children (control group), aged 2\u20136 years, were included in this study. ASD diagnoses were based on DSM-5 criteria. The extensive medical and demographic characterization of the two groups were recorded. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in serum were detected by qRT-PCR.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Compared with the control group, the ASD group had significantly higher rates of maternal stress during pregnancy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), maternal drinking during pregnancy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.006), threatened abortion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.011), pregnancy-induced hypertension (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.032), gestational diabetes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.039), maternal anemia during pregnancy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), umbilical cord knot (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), neonatal jaundice (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), family psychiatric history (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), and much lower birth weight (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.012). Furthermore, the ASD group had much lower expression levels of hsa-miR-181b-5p (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and hsa-miR-320a (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and significantly higher levels of hsa-miR-19b-3p (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). The interactions of hsa-miR-320a and maternal stress during pregnancy (OR = 39.42, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), hsa-miR-19b-3p and neonatal jaundice (OR = 2.44, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), and hsa-miR-181b-5p and family psychiatric history (OR = 8.65, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) could increase ASD risk.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The dysregulation of hsa-miR-181b-5p, hsa-miR-320a, and hsa-miR-19b-3p could interact with environmental factors, such as maternal stress during pregnancy, neonatal jaundice, and family psychiatric history, to impact the risk of ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.715481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T12:07:37Z","timestamp":1633435657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Impact of MicroRNAs in Interaction With Environmental Factors on 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