{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:26:42Z","timestamp":1753892802868,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic event all over the world, and may lead to post-traumatic stress symptom (PTSS) in different population who are under the threat of novel corona virus. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare the prevalence and risk factors of PTSS between Chinese patients with depression and non-depressed controls during the COVID-19 outbreak.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> 437 depressed patients and 2,940 non-depressed controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study between February 14 and May 9, 2020.The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the psychological status of all the participants.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The prevalence of PTSS (IES-R \u2265 33) in depressed patients (45.08%) was higher than that in non-depressed controls (5.31%). Patients with depression were 16 times more likely to suffer from PTSS than those without depression. Correlation analyses showed that the IES-R total score was positively correlated with SDS, SAS, and PSQI scores in both depressed and non-depressed groups (Bonferroni corrected all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that SAS score, and PSQI score were independently associated with IES-R total score in both depression and non-depression groups. In depressed patients, education level and duration of media exposure to COVID-19 were positively associated with PTSS, while in the non-depressed group, subjects who were married, in the 31\u201350 year group or with higher SDS score were more likely to develop PTSS.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> These results indicate that the prevalence rate of PTSS in patients with depression is very higher than that in subjects without depression. PTSS are associated with a number of socio-demographic and clinical variables.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.719931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T06:08:10Z","timestamp":1641190090000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Prevalence and Risk Factors of PTSS Between Chinese Patients With Depression and Non-depressed Controls During COVID-19 Outbreak"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weifeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pingmei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanglin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyou","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114151","article-title":"COVID-19 Pandemic in the Italian Population: Validation of a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire and Prevalence of PTSD Symptomatology","volume":"17","author":"Forte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102066","article-title":"COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature","volume":"52","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2020-300155","article-title":"Covid-19 and mental health: a transformational opportunity to apply an evidence-based approach to clinical practice and research","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12644","article-title":"Covid-19 lockdown: a perfect storm for older people's mental health","volume":"28","author":"Webb","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.8646","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health of healthcare professionals","volume":"19","author":"Tsamakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.004","article-title":"Anxiety and depression symptoms of medical staff under COVID-19 epidemic in China","volume":"278","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.08.026","article-title":"Anxiety and depression symptoms, and lack of emotional support among the general population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. 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