{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:08:53Z","timestamp":1790752133671,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010109","name":"Medizinische Universit\u00e4t Graz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Anorexia nervosa (AN) can co-occur with hypercarotenemia, a clinical condition characterized by elevated \u03b2-carotene in plasma and skin tissue. Carotenoids have known anti-obesogenic effects in adipocyte biology. Thus, carotenoids may potentially play a retarding role in weight gain during the recovery of AN patients. This study evaluated the plasma carotenoid profile and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in a cohort of AN patients and normal weight (NW) controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> Plasma concentrations of \u03b1-carotene, \u03b2-carotene, \u03b2-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene were determined by HPLC analysis. SAT thicknesses were measured by a highly accurate and reliable ultrasound technique. Information on dietary intakes were collected by repeated 24-h recalls.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Sixty-two females (AN: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18, NW: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 44) were included. The concentrations of \u03b2-cryptoxanthin (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.045) and lycopene (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.004) were significantly lower in AN patients. \u03b2-carotene levels were higher in AN patients (n.s.) and \u03b1-carotene did not differ significantly. SAT thickness was significantly lower in AN patients compared to controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). \u03b2-carotene was significantly negative (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> = \u22120.471) and lycopene significantly positive (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> = 0.366) correlated with SAT. The correlation of \u03b2-carotene and SAT was even higher in the AN group alone (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> = \u22120.742). Also, \u03b2- cryptoxanthin and the sum of provitamin A carotenoids were correlated to SAT (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> = \u22120.647 and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub> = \u22120.746, respectively) in AN patients. Fruits and vegetable intake did not differ significantly between AN and NW but adjusted for SAT, AN patients consumed relatively higher amounts (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.006).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Higher plasma \u03b2-carotene concentrations were associated with reduced SAT levels, most probably due to a reduced ability of the remaining adipose tissue to store carotenoids. Thus, the antiobesity effects of carotenoids might impact the treatment success of undernutrition and AN. A systemic carotenoid overload may contribute to changes in adipogenesis and metabolic capacities for energy storage. Therefore, high plasma \u03b2-carotene may be a marker of delay in weight recovery in AN patients. Interventional studies should consider including carotenoid-status in AN treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.758300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T04:49:29Z","timestamp":1640062169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hypercarotenemia in Anorexia Nervosa Patients May Influence Weight Balance: Results of a Clinical Cross-Sectional Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sonja","family":"Lackner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Meier-Allard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"M\u00f6rkl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"F\u00fcrhapter-Rieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Mangge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sieglinde","family":"Zelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Holasek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00356-9","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa: aetiology, assessment, and treatment","volume":"2","author":"Zipfel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.04.037","article-title":"A prospective study of predictors of relapse in anorexia nervosa: implications for relapse prevention","volume":"200","author":"Carter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.12.002","article-title":"Insights of hypercarotenaemia: a brief review","volume":"23","author":"Priyadarshani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2014.07.010","article-title":"Carotenoids, inflammation, and oxidative stress\u2013implications of cellular signaling pathways and relation to chronic disease prevention","volume":"34","author":"Kaulmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.03.036","article-title":"Biomarkers of carotenoid bioavailability","volume":"99","author":"Granado-Lorencio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res Int."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600685","article-title":"Host-related factors explaining interindividual variability of carotenoid bioavailability and tissue concentrations in humans","volume":"61","author":"Bohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2016.04.003","article-title":"Nutrigenomic regulation of adipose tissue development - 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