{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:08:24Z","timestamp":1787170104663,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) comprises more than just severe acute respiratory syndrome. It also interacts with the cardiovascular, nervous, renal, and immune systems at multiple levels, increasing morbidity in patients with underlying cardiometabolic conditions and inducing myocardial injury or dysfunction. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), which is derived from auricular acupuncture, has become a popular therapy that is increasingly accessible to the general public in modern China. Here, we begin by outlining the historical background of taVNS, and then describe important links between dysfunction in proinflammatory cytokine release and related multiorgan damage in COVID-19. Furthermore, we emphasize the important relationships between proinflammatory cytokines and depressive symptoms. Finally, we discuss how taVNS improves immune function via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and modulates brain circuits via the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis, making taVNS an important treatment for depressive symptoms on post-COVID-19 sequelae. Our review suggests that the link between anti-inflammatory processes and brain circuits could be a potential target for treating COVID-19-related multiorgan damage, as well as depressive symptoms using taVNS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.765106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T02:23:12Z","timestamp":1639534992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Use of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation as an Adjuvant Therapy for the Depressive Symptoms of COVID-19: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhi-Peng","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"S\u00f6r\u00f6s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu-Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Hao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051729","article-title":"Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19087","DOI":"10.2196\/19087","article-title":"Mining the characteristics of COVID-19 patients in China: analysis of social media posts","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-020-10031-6","article-title":"Implications for neuromodulation therapy to control inflammation and related organ dysfunction in COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Fudim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Transl Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105954","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19: interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce mortality","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agentsm."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3857","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113857","article-title":"Coping with COVID-19: exposure to COVID-19 and negative impact on livelihood predict elevated mental health problems in Chinese adults","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine","volume":"383","author":"Polack","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11040579","article-title":"Mini-review discussing the reliability and efficiency of COVID-19 vaccines","volume":"11","author":"Doroftei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e203976","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976","article-title":"Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"3","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050021","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for partial onset seizure therapy. 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