{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T06:26:42Z","timestamp":1768112802887,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Though Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) has significant impact on the quality of life of its patients, measures of health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) specific to adolescents and adults with GTS were not developed until recently. The present study provides evidence on the validity of the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale (GTS-QOL), the first disease-specific HR-QOL instrument for GTS patients, for the first time in an East Asian sample.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> One hundred and two Japanese individuals aged 13 and above with GTS were included in our study. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. The 4-factor structure of the GTS-QOL was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, using goodness of fit indices, factor loadings of each questionnaire item, and covariances between factors. Validity was assessed using interscale correlations. Convergent and discriminate construct validity was evaluated using correlations with other scales such as the 28-item General Health Questionnaire, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, and the short version of the Padua Inventory.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Scaling assumptions were met. Internal consistency reliability was high, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.96. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed sufficient factor loadings and goodness of fit. All measures of goodness of fit corroborated the fit of the 4-factor model. Standardized covariances between factors in the confirmatory factor analysis were &amp;gt;0.8. There were significant correlations with other well-validated scales, and thus convergent and discriminate construct validity was sufficient.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The GTS-QOL is a valid and reliable instrument to measure disease-specific HR-QOL of GTS patients in Japan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.797037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T07:02:49Z","timestamp":1641193369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale (GTS-QOL): A Validation in Japanese Patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ryunosuke","family":"Goto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natsumi","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maiko","family":"Nonaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Hamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Eriguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayu","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akane","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukari","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Kano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f4964","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f4964","article-title":"Tourette's syndrome","volume":"347","author":"Cavanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7297.1297","article-title":"Using quality of life measures in the clinical setting","volume":"322","author":"Higginson","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.8.3.311","article-title":"Non-obscene complex socially inappropriate behavior in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Kurlan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2016.00097","article-title":"Comorbidities, social impact, and quality of life in Tourette syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Eapen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"[Distress and Needs of Young Adults with Tourette Syndrome: A Mixed-Methods Study]","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2011"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-010-0211-4","article-title":"Exploring the impact of chronic tic disorders on youth: results from the Tourette Syndrome Impact Survey","volume":"42","author":"Conelea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01924780903552246","article-title":"Engagement in adulthood: perceptions and participation in daily activities","volume":"34","author":"Parisi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Activit Adaptat Aging."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410701279545","article-title":"Quality of life in youth with Tourette's syndrome and chronic tic disorder","volume":"36","author":"Storch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000327890.02893.61","article-title":"The Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome\u2013Quality of Life Scale (GTS-QOL): development and validation","volume":"71","author":"Cavanna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22487","article-title":"Determinants of quality of life in children with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Bernard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01842-2","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders\u2014version 2.0. 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