{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:16:56Z","timestamp":1791429416814,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of overall mental health of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a comprehensive literature search on Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE. A predefined eligibility criterion was used to screen the articles. The methodology quality of eligible studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for systematic reviews. The data were narratively synthesised in line with the meta-review aim.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty systematic reviews (represented as\n                      <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 40), which reported data from 1,828 primary studies (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and 3,245,768 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The findings from a pooled prevalence indicate that anxiety (16\u201341%,\n                      <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 30,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 701), depression (14\u201337%,\n                      <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 28,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 584), and stress\/post-traumatic stress disorder (18.6\u201356.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 24,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 327) were the most prevailing COVID-19 pandemic-related mental health conditions affecting healthcare workers. Other reported concerns included insomnia, burnout, fear, obsessive-compulsive disorder, somatization symptoms, phobia, substance abuse, and suicidal thoughts. Considering regions\/countries, the highest anxiety was reported in the United-Kingdom [22.3, 95% Confidence Interval (CI):7\u201338,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4] compared to other countries, while the highest depression was in the Middle-East, (41, 95% CI:16\u201360,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5) and stress in the Eastern Mediterranean region (61.6, 95% CI:56.4\u201366.8,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2) compared to other regions. The most significant risk factors include female gender, younger age, being a nurse, and frontline professional. The most-reported coping strategies include individual\/group psychological support, family\/relative support, training\/orientation, and the adequacy of personal protective equipment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was concluded that healthcare professionals (nurses, doctors, allied health) have experienced various mental health issues during COVID-19 pandemic. The meta-review, therefore, recommends targeted interventions and health policies that address specific mental health issues to support health professionals worldwide during the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and similar future health crises.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?ID=CRD4202126200<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier: CRD42021262001.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.804525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:08:21Z","timestamp":1642378101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["COVID-19 Pandemic and Overall Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals Globally: A Meta-Review of Systematic Reviews"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Chutiyami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen M. Y.","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dauda","family":"Salihu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umar Muhammad","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy","family":"Ndwiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reshin","family":"Maharaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kogi","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustapha Adam","family":"Kolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philomina","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navjot","family":"Chhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tan Kan","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liza","family":"Devar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratitha","family":"Pratitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-020-03263-6","article-title":"A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"87","author":"Singhal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr."},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandermic.2021"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"261","article-title":"Triple mutant bengal strain (B. 1618) of coronavirus and the worst COVID outbreak in India","volume":"3","author":"Sahoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotica Research Today"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102092","article-title":"Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated psychological problems","volume":"51","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624428","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.624428","article-title":"Death and mourning process in frontline health care professionals and their families during COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0241658","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241658","article-title":"Psychological distress, anxiety, family violence, suicidality, and wellbeing in New Zealand during the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Every-Palmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0242538","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242538","article-title":"The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health-care workers in Italy","volume":"15","author":"Conti","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8149","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218149","article-title":"Working in the times of covid-19. psychological impact of the pandemic in frontline workers in Spain","volume":"17","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113312","article-title":"PTSD symptoms in healthcare workers facing the three coronavirus outbreaks: what can we expect after the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"292","author":"Carmassi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.10.003","article-title":"Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients","volume":"87","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400504","article-title":"The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20764","article-title":"The relevance of COVID-19 pandemic to psychiatry","volume":"19","author":"Marazziti","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Psychiatry."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20768","article-title":"Addressing mental health needs: an integral part of COVID-19 response","volume":"19","author":"Ghebreyesus","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.080","article-title":"Depressed, anxious, and stressed: What have healthcare workers on the frontlines in Egypt and Saudi Arabia experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic?","volume":"278","author":"Arafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.02065","article-title":"Mental health challenges of United States healthcare professionals during COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Pearman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.611314","article-title":"Stress, sleep and psychological impact in healthcare workers during the early phase of COVID-19 in India: a factor analysis","volume":"12","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102080","article-title":"Mental health of medical workers in Pakistan during the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"51","author":"Rana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.59","article-title":"The social psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical staff in China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"63","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9020191","article-title":"Severe mental health symptoms during COVID-19: a comparison of the United Kingdom and Austria","volume":"9","author":"Budimir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720002019","article-title":"Mental health impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Spanish healthcare workers","author":"Garc\u00eda-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.81","article-title":"Psychological impact of COVID-19 in the Swedish population: depression, anxiety, and insomnia and their associations to risk and vulnerability factors","volume":"63","author":"McCracken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5849","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165849","article-title":"Assessment of mental health factors among health professionals depending on their contact with COVID-19 patients","volume":"17","author":"Wa\u0144kowicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105320966639","article-title":"The prevalence of psychological consequences of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","author":"Arora","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Health Psychol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-10070-3","article-title":"A rapid review of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare workers: implications for supporting psychological well-being","volume":"21","author":"De Kock","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000721","article-title":"Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on healthcare workers: systematic comparison between nurses and medical doctors","volume":"34","author":"Kunz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.03.024","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, trauma-related, and sleep disorders among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Marvaldi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113599","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychological distress among populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"295","author":"C\u00e9nat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e07393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07393","article-title":"The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and, insomnia and its changes among health professionals during COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Mahmud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.026","article-title":"Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"88","author":"Pappa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020601","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress symptoms in healthcare workers dealing with the covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"D'ettorre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18042182","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of immediate and long-term ptsd consequences of coronavirus-related (Cov-1 and cov-2) pandemics among healthcare professionals: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Al Falasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inter J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.110343","article-title":"Prevalence of stress, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic : a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"141","author":"Al Maqbali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v13n7p1","article-title":"Impact of COVID\u2013 19 on the psychological health of dental professionals: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Gohil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob J Health Sci."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645460","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.645460","article-title":"Immediate psychosocial impact on healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"B36","unstructured":"Checklist For Systematic Reviews And Research Syntheses2017"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-15","article-title":"Methodology in conducting a systematic review of systematic reviews of healthcare interventions","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0244052","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244052","article-title":"Factors affecting mental health of health care workers during coronavirus disease outbreaks (SARS, MERS & COVID-19): a rapid systematic review","volume":"15","author":"De Brier","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110062","article-title":"Psychological effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in health professionals: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"da Silva Neto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110057","article-title":"Psychiatric symptomatology associated with depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia in health professionals working in patients affected by COVID-19: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"da Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog NeuroPsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.03.044","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review with meta-analysis","author":"da Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcle.2020.11.003","article-title":"Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Western frontline healthcare professionals. a systematic review","volume":"156","author":"Danet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Cl\u00edn"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.06.022","article-title":"Impact of coronavirus syndromes on physical and mental health of health care workers: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"275","author":"de Pablo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14839","article-title":"Nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Galanis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567381","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.567381","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk factors of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113382","article-title":"Prevalence of psychological morbidities among general population, healthcare workers and COVID-19 patients amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"293","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-021-00670-y","article-title":"Mental burden and its risk and protective factors during the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"17","author":"Kunzler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global Health."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246454","article-title":"Prevalence of depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113190","article-title":"The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) on medical staff and general public \u2013 a systematic review and meta- analysis","volume":"291","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.602614","article-title":"Mental health consequences for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review to draw lessons for LMICs","volume":"12","author":"Moitra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113441","article-title":"The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review","volume":"293","author":"Muller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100806","article-title":"An evaluation of the mental health impact of SARS-CoV-2 pn patients, general poblic and healthcare professionals: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Phiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinical Medicine."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-020-00544-1","article-title":"The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within front-line healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-regression","volume":"18","author":"Salari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12175","article-title":"The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the mental health of healthcare workers in a hospital setting\u2014a Systematic Review","volume":"62","author":"Sanghera","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Occup Health."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e110244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2021.110244","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety in health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid systematic review (on published articles in Medline) with meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"Santab\u00e1rbara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.104002","article-title":"Global prevalence of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Saragih","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22037\/aaem.v9i1.1004","article-title":"Burnout among healthcare providers of COVID-19; a systematic review of epidemiology and recommendations","volume":"9","author":"Sharifi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Acad Emerg Med."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-020-00299-5","article-title":"Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: a scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Shaukat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113360","article-title":"Psychological effects of the COVID 19 pandemic on healthcare workers globally: a systematic review","volume":"292","author":"Sheraton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.12927\/cjnl.2021.26459","article-title":"COVID-19-Related occupational burnout and moral distress among nurses: a rapid scoping review","volume":"34","author":"Sriharan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurs Leadersh."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2021.01.023","article-title":"Mental health among healthcare personnel during COVID-19 in Asia: a systematic review","volume":"120","author":"Thatrimontrichai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"05009","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.11.05009","article-title":"Decline in the mental health of nurses across the globe during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Varghese","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Glob Health."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.048","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence","volume":"89","author":"Vindegaard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.03.016","article-title":"The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities during the SARS and COVID-19 epidemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"287","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.117","article-title":"Prevalence of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"281","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/15487733.2020.1776561","article-title":"The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the care burden of women and families","volume":"16","author":"Power","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain Sci Pract Policy."},{"key":"B67","first-page":"83","article-title":"Females are more anxious than males: a metacognitive perspective","volume":"5","author":"Bahrami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran j psychiatry behav sci."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09738-7","article-title":"Gender differences of depression and anxiety among social media users during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000027684","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A PRISMA-compliant Systematic review","volume":"100","author":"de Oliveira Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13121","article-title":"COVID-19 anxiety among front-line nurses: predictive role of organisational support, personal resilience and social support","volume":"28","author":"Labrague","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nurs Manage."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020941567","article-title":"Association between social support and anxiety among pregnant women in the third trimester during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Qingdao, China: the mediating effect of risk perception","volume":"67","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-227X-14-11","article-title":"Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder and the effect of explanatory variables in paramedic trainees","volume":"14","author":"Fjeldheim","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85943-7","article-title":"A chain mediation model on COVID-19 symptoms and mental health outcomes in Americans, Asians and Europeans","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.54127\/WCIC8036","article-title":"The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviors","volume":"2","author":"Pakpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Concurrent Disord."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.565520","article-title":"Stress, burnout, and coping strategies of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan and Shanghai, China","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20803","article-title":"COVID-19 and psychiatrists' responsibilities: a WPA position paper","volume":"19","author":"Stewart","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Psychiatry."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.28","article-title":"Investing in strategies to support mental health recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"64","author":"McDaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.804525\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:08:29Z","timestamp":1642378109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.804525\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.804525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.804525","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"article-number":"804525"}}