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Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Temperament and character of pregnant women, especially harm avoidance (HA) and self-directedness (SD) have been identified as risk factors for postpartum depression, in addition to poor social support. However, the relationship between these personality traits and social support for depressive symptoms after delivery has not been examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were extracted from a prospective cohort survey on pregnant women conducted in Nagoya, Japan that included the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Social Support Questionnaire (J-SSQ), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at approximately week 25 and 1 month postpartum. A mediation analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test if social support in pregnancy is a mediator between personality traits and postpartum depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thousand five hundred and fifty-nine women were included in the analysis. Both harm avoidance and SD were significantly associated with depressive symptoms (total effect: \u03b2 [SE], 0.298 [0.041], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001 for harm avoidance; total effect: \u03b2 [SE], \u22120.265 [0.067], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001 for SD). Mediation analysis showed that the effect of harm avoidance on depressive symptoms was partially mediated by low social support (direct effect: \u03b2 [SE], 0.193 [0.004], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001; indirect effect: \u03b2 [SE], 0.082 [0.034], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.015). Self-directedness on depressive symptoms was not found to be mediated by low social support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results indicate that poor social support worsens depressive symptoms in women with high HA during pregnancy. Limitations include a possible selection bias due to the limited target facilities; most variables being evaluated based on self-report questionnaires, and different number of samples available for analysis between harm avoidance and SD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.816342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T04:41:42Z","timestamp":1642999302000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Perceived Social Support Partially Mediates the Impact of Temperament and Character on Postpartum Depression"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yukako","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagahide","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mako","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/09540269609037816","article-title":"Rates and risk of postpartum depression\u2013a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"O'Hara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06111893","article-title":"Clinically identified maternal depression before, during, and after pregnancies ending in live births","volume":"164","author":"Dietz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.05.003","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-regression of the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression","volume":"219","author":"Woody","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13184","article-title":"Annual report of the Perinatology Committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015: proposal of urgent measures to reduce maternal deaths","volume":"43","author":"Takeda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-016-0646-0","article-title":"Suicidal ideation in pregnancy: an epidemiologic review","volume":"19","author":"Gelaye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17251","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.17251","article-title":"Untreated depression during pregnancy and its effect on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Jahan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.12.013","article-title":"Effect of maternal postpartum depression on offspring's growth","volume":"228","author":"Farias-Antunez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112769","article-title":"Postpartum stress and infant outcome: a review of current literature","volume":"284","author":"Oyetunji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-019-01447-w","article-title":"Longitudinal studies examining the impact of prenatal and subsequent episodes of maternal depression on offspring antisocial behaviour","volume":"30","author":"Morgan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v11.i7.325","article-title":"Risk factors for antenatal depression: a review","volume":"11","author":"Miguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102353","article-title":"Risk factors for postpartum depression: an evidence-based systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"53","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000059","article-title":"Is low positive emotionality a specific risk factor for depression? 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