{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:07:44Z","timestamp":1783116464960,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined the effects of psychiatric comorbidity, sex, and ICU admission on serum ferritin concentration in 628 elderly patients (79.7 \u00b1 8.5 years) with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Hospitalization was required in 96% of patients and 17% required ICU admission. Patients with COVID-19 and psychiatric comorbidities (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 212) compared to patients without psychiatric comorbidities (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 416) had significantly lower ferritin concentration (570.4 \u00b1 900.1 vs. 744.1 \u00b1 965, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.029), a greater incidence of delirium (22.6 vs. 14.4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.013) and higher mortality (35.3 vs. 27.6%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.015). Furthermore, we found significant effects for sex (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) and ICU admission (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007). Among patients without comorbid psychiatric conditions, males had significantly higher ferritin compared to females (1,098.3 \u00b1 78.4 vs. 651.5 \u00b1 94.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). ICU patients without comorbid psychiatric conditions had significantly higher serum ferritin compared to ICU patients with comorbid psychiatric conditions: (1,126.6 \u00b1 110.7 vs. 668.6 \u00b1 156.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). Our results suggest that the presence of comorbid psychiatric conditions in elderly patients with COVID-19 is associated with higher rates of delirium and mortality and lower ferritin levels during severe illness. Whether high serum ferritin is protective during severe infection requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1035986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T04:51:17Z","timestamp":1667969477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Attenuated initial serum ferritin concentration in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 geriatric patients with comorbid psychiatric conditions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Osama A.","family":"Abulseoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Yehia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudine J.","family":"Egol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor N.","family":"Nettey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Aly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihuai","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron B.","family":"Skolnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie F.","family":"Grill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayan","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry D.","family":"Schneekloth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.5152\/TJAR.2022.21321","article-title":"Prognosis of old intensive care COVID-19 patients at a glance: the senior COVID study.","volume":"50","author":"Vacheron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-056464","article-title":"Clinicodemographic profile and predictors of poor outcome in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: a single-centre, retrospective cohort study from India.","volume":"12","author":"Tiwari","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2008-91","article-title":"Factors affecting mortality in geriatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19.","volume":"51","author":"Bag Soytas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","article-title":"Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in china: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the chinese center for disease control and prevention.","volume":"323","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_480_21","article-title":"Impact of various hematological and biochemical parameters on mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a single-center study from north India.","volume":"39","author":"Ghosh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lung India."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11071366","article-title":"How aging and oxidative stress influence the cytopathic and inflammatory effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the role of cellular glutathione and cysteine metabolism.","volume":"11","author":"Galli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-011-9415-8","article-title":"The many faces of the octahedral ferritin protein.","volume":"24","author":"Watt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biometals."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mtomcs\/mfab021","article-title":"Chemistry and biology of ferritin.","volume":"13","author":"Plays","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metallomics."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2010.03.011","article-title":"Serum ferritin: past, present and future.","volume":"1800","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxx031","article-title":"Hyperferritinemia and inflammation.","volume":"29","author":"Kernan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Immunol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/953461","article-title":"Acute phase reactants as novel predictors of cardiovascular disease.","volume":"2012","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Inflamm."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1978.tb00374.x","article-title":"Serum ferritin during infection. A longitudinal study.","volume":"21","author":"Birgegard","year":"1978","journal-title":"Scand J Haematol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0590385","article-title":"The source of serum ferritin during infection. Studies with concanavalin a\u2013sepharose absorption.","volume":"59","author":"Birgegard","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2960175","article-title":"Modulation of iron metabolism in monocyte cell line U937 by inflammatory cytokines: changes in transferrin uptake, iron handling and ferritin mRNA.","volume":"296","author":"Fahmy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem J."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/13813450701422575","article-title":"Ferritin and ferritin isoforms II: protection against uncontrolled cellular proliferation, oxidative damage and inflammatory processes.","volume":"113","author":"Koorts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Physiol Biochem."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3570241","article-title":"Ferritin and the response to oxidative stress.","volume":"357","author":"Orino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem J."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2013.07.002","article-title":"The significance of ferritin in cancer: anti-oxidation, inflammation and tumorigenesis.","volume":"1836","author":"Alkhateeb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.10.3505","article-title":"Regulation of ferritin genes and protein.","volume":"99","author":"Torti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"83","article-title":"Hyperferritinemia in autoimmunity.","volume":"10","author":"Zandman-Goddard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2007.01.016","article-title":"Ferritin in autoimmune diseases.","volume":"6","author":"Zandman-Goddard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.11.003","article-title":"New functions for an iron storage protein: the role of ferritin in immunity and autoimmunity.","volume":"30","author":"Recalcati","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Autoimmun."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122482","article-title":"Iron related biomarkers predict disease severity in a cohort of portuguese adult patients during COVID-19 acute infection.","volume":"13","author":"Moreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000492","article-title":"Hypoferremia is associated with increased hospitalization and oxygen demand in COVID-19 patients.","volume":"4","author":"Hippchen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hemasphere."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2020.11.030","article-title":"[Increased levels of ferritin on admission predicts intensive care unit mortality in patients with COVID-19].","volume":"156","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Clin."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.23691","article-title":"Haematological, biochemical, and inflammatory biomarkers of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in critical unit: a retrospective study.","volume":"14","author":"Alsafi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.6026\/97320630017834","article-title":"Biochemical predictors for Sars-Cov-2 severity.","volume":"17","author":"Gurusamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioinformation."},{"key":"B28","first-page":"494","article-title":"Ferritin as a marker of severity in COVID-19 patients: a fatal correlation.","volume":"22","author":"Dahan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.926178","article-title":"Increased serum levels of hepcidin and ferritin are associated with severity of COVID-19.","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13479","article-title":"The relationship between serum erythropoietin, hepcidin, and haptoglobin levels with disease severity and other biochemical values in patients with COVID-19.","volume":"43","author":"Yagci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253894","article-title":"Biomarkers of cytokine storm as red flags for severe and fatal COVID-19 cases: a living systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"16","author":"Melo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-021-00338-8","article-title":"COVID-19 healthcare cost and length of hospital stay in Turkey: retrospective analysis from the first peak of the pandemic.","volume":"11","author":"Oksuz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Econ Rev."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23618","article-title":"Ferritin in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"34","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.055","article-title":"Association of inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-19: a meta-analysis.","volume":"96","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01546-2","article-title":"Persisting alterations of iron homeostasis in COVID-19 are associated with non-resolving lung pathologies and poor patients\u2019 performance: a prospective observational cohort study.","volume":"21","author":"Sonnweber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99142-x","article-title":"Increased serum catalytic iron may mediate tissue injury and death in patients with COVID-19.","volume":"11","author":"Chakurkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2022.2101691","article-title":"Early increase of serum ferritin among COVID-19 patients is associated with need of invasive mechanical ventilation and with in-hospital death.","volume":"2022","author":"Ramonfaur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2022.01.37","article-title":"Mortality in patients of COVID-19 infection: biochemical markers and its cut-off values for predicting outcome.","volume":"32","author":"Yousaf","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-021-02924-4","article-title":"Clusters of inflammation in COVID-19: descriptive analysis and prognosis on more than 15,000 patients from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry.","volume":"17","author":"Rubio-Rivas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893","article-title":"An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties.","volume":"56","author":"Beck","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression.","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"B42","first-page":"105","article-title":"Depression and anxiety disorders in COVID-19 survivors: role of inflammatory predictors.","volume":"59","author":"Demiryurek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Noro Psikiyatr Ars."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.07.038","article-title":"Low serum albumin and high ferritin levels in chronic hemodialysis patients with major depression.","volume":"152","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.074","article-title":"The association between serum ferritin levels and post-stroke depression.","volume":"190","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(96)00038-9","article-title":"Alterations in iron metabolism and the erythron in major depression: further evidence for a chronic inflammatory process.","volume":"40","author":"Maes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145714000819","article-title":"Proteomic changes in serum of first onset, antidepressant drug-naive major depression patients.","volume":"17","author":"Stelzhammer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01435.x","article-title":"The role of the inflammatory markers ferritin, transferrin and fibrinogen in the relationship between major depression and cardiovascular disorders - the German health interview and examination survey.","volume":"121","author":"Baune","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602542","article-title":"The relationship between depression and serum ferritin level.","volume":"61","author":"Vahdat Shariatpanaahi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.11.006","article-title":"An association between plasma ferritin concentrations measured 48 h after delivery and postpartum depression.","volume":"131","author":"Albacar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(02)00073-1","article-title":"Serum iron levels in schizophrenic patients with or without akathisia.","volume":"13","author":"Kuloglu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2021.126843","article-title":"Serum hepcidin\/ferroportin levels in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.","volume":"68","author":"Keles Altun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/10.2.119","article-title":"Serum ferritin and ageing.","volume":"10","author":"Casale","year":"1981","journal-title":"Age Ageing."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63020709.x","article-title":"Iron, transferrin, and ferritin in the rat brain during development and aging.","volume":"63","author":"Roskams","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00607-0","article-title":"Regional distribution of iron, transferrin, ferritin, and oxidatively-modified proteins in young and aged fischer 344 rat brains.","volume":"79","author":"Focht","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.02.005","article-title":"Brain ferritin iron may influence age- and gender-related risks of neurodegeneration.","volume":"28","author":"Bartzokis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490270421","article-title":"Cellular distribution of transferrin, ferritin, and iron in normal and aged human brains.","volume":"27","author":"Connor","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2013.11.005","article-title":"Iron status in the elderly.","volume":"13","author":"Fairweather-Tait","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/828702","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation in psychiatric illness: overview of clinical evidence.","volume":"2014","author":"Joshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00553-6","article-title":"Implication of ferroptosis in aging.","volume":"7","author":"Mazhar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073612","article-title":"Iron metabolism in aging and age-related diseases.","volume":"23","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666221113252","article-title":"Serum ferritin as a predictor of outcomes in hospitalized patients with covid-19 pneumonia.","volume":"2022","author":"Shakaroun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3109\/00365518609086476","article-title":"Serum ferritin and iron status in \u2018healthy\u2019 elderly individuals.","volume":"46","author":"Milman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest."},{"key":"B63","first-page":"779","article-title":"Method for establishing serum ferritin reference values depending on sex and age.","volume":"116","author":"Vicente","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.761793","article-title":"NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy: a vicious culprit in COVID-19 pathogenesis?","volume":"8","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00065","article-title":"The aging of Iron man.","volume":"10","author":"Ashraf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18086","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)81326-1","article-title":"Mechanism of ferritin iron uptake: activity of the H-chain and deletion mapping of the ferro-oxidase site. A study of iron uptake and ferro-oxidase activity of human liver, recombinant H-chain ferritins, and of two H-chain deletion mutants.","volume":"263","author":"Levi","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2016.1268047","article-title":"Mitochondria and Iron: current questions.","volume":"10","author":"Paul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.197300571","article-title":"Structure and function of ferritin.","volume":"12","author":"Crichton","year":"1973","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5285-y","article-title":"Cellular regulation and molecular interactions of the ferritins.","volume":"63","author":"Hintze","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2728(96)00022-9","article-title":"The ferritins: molecular properties, iron storage function and cellular regulation.","volume":"1275","author":"Harrison","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903380108","article-title":"Ferritin, transferrin, and iron in selected regions of the adult and aged rat brain.","volume":"338","author":"Benkovic","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.04.036","article-title":"Crystal structure and biochemical properties of the human mitochondrial ferritin and its mutant Ser144Ala.","volume":"340","author":"Langlois d\u2019Estaintot","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Mol Biol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2013.07.005","article-title":"Mitochondrial ferritin in neurodegenerative diseases.","volume":"77","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Res."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2010.03.017","article-title":"Nuclear ferritin: a new role for ferritin in cell biology.","volume":"1800","author":"Alkhateeb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-11-253815","article-title":"Serum ferritin is derived primarily from macrophages through a nonclassical secretory pathway.","volume":"116","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-02-768580","article-title":"Ferritin is secreted via 2 distinct nonclassical vesicular pathways.","volume":"131","author":"Truman-Rosentsvit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0582-0","article-title":"A possible role for secreted ferritin in tissue iron distribution.","volume":"118","author":"Meyron-Holtz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neural Transm."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2008.12.002","article-title":"Scara5 is a ferritin receptor mediating non-transferrin iron delivery.","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Cell."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913192107","article-title":"Binding and uptake of H-ferritin are mediated by human transferrin receptor-1.","volume":"107","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B80","first-page":"657","article-title":"Plasma ferritin determination as a diagnostic tool.","volume":"145","author":"Finch","year":"1986","journal-title":"West J Med."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2537","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress and NF-kB activation in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and their response to antiviral therapy.","volume":"74","author":"Bartolini","year":"2022","journal-title":"IUBMB Life."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104850","article-title":"Liu shen capsule shows antiviral and anti-inflammatory abilities against novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 via suppression of NF-kappaB signaling pathway.","volume":"158","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sigtrans.2017.23","article-title":"-\u03baB signaling in inflammation.","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Trans Target Ther."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12638","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)37801-3","article-title":"The molecular cloning and characterization of murine ferritin heavy chain, a tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene.","volume":"263","author":"Torti","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190623","article-title":"Interleukin-6 enhances hepatic transferrin uptake and ferritin expression in rats.","volume":"19","author":"Kobune","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1977.tb08758.x","article-title":"Ferritin synthesis in inflammation. I. Pathogenesis of impaired iron release.","volume":"37","author":"Konijn","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199509059641","article-title":"A role for ferritin in hematopoiesis and the immune system.","volume":"18","author":"Morikawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma."},{"key":"B88","first-page":"623","article-title":"Protective effect of tissue ferritins in experimental Escherichia coli infection of mice in vivo.","volume":"72","author":"Lipinski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-5710(95)00426-2","article-title":"Serum ferritin in danes: studies of iron status from infancy to old age, during blood donation and pregnancy.","volume":"63","author":"Milman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Hematol."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1007\/s002770000209","article-title":"Iron status in danes 1994. II: prevalence of iron deficiency and iron overload in 1319 Danish women aged 40-70 years. Influence of blood donation, alcohol intake and iron supplementation.","volume":"79","author":"Milman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Hematol."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092601","article-title":"Age-related changes and sex-related differences in brain Iron metabolism.","volume":"12","author":"Grubic Kezele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B92","first-page":"720","article-title":"Low blood glutathione levels in healthy aging adults.","volume":"120","author":"Lang","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.937","article-title":"Age-related changes in the glutathione redox system.","volume":"20","author":"Erden-Inal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Funct."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010324","article-title":"Glutathione in brain disorders and aging.","volume":"27","author":"Iskusnykh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.03.059","article-title":"Ferritin disorder in the plasma and hippocampus associated with major depressive disorder.","volume":"553","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113261","article-title":"Hippocampal proteomic analysis reveals activation of necroptosis and ferroptosis in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression.","volume":"407","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/36.7.1350","article-title":"Factors affecting the concentrations of ferritin in serum in a healthy Australian population.","volume":"36","author":"Leggett","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Chem."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI70090","article-title":"Neuronal ferritin heavy chain and drug abuse affect HIV-associated cognitive dysfunction.","volume":"124","author":"Pitcher","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0237-19.2019","article-title":"Morphine-induced modulation of endolysosomal iron mediates upregulation of ferritin heavy chain in cortical neurons.","volume":"6","author":"Nash","year":"2019","journal-title":"eNeuro."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5865-08.2009","article-title":"Morphine increases brain levels of ferritin heavy chain leading to inhibition of CXCR4-mediated survival signaling in neurons.","volume":"29","author":"Sengupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31609","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002354200","article-title":"Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and epidermal growth factor regulate iron-regulatory protein binding in pituitary cells via protein kinase C-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.","volume":"275","author":"Thomson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(99)00163-7","article-title":"Effect of altered thyroid hormone status on rat brain ferritin H and ferritin L mRNA during postnatal development.","volume":"119","author":"Levenson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res Dev Brain Res."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1797","article-title":"Perspectives in liver redox imbalance: toxicological and pharmacological aspects underlying iron overloading, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and thyroid hormone action.","volume":"48","author":"Videla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biofactors."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880700831X","article-title":"Ethnic difference in the relationship between acute inflammation and serum ferritin in US adult males.","volume":"136","author":"Pan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-02047-y","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of geriatric patients with COVID-19: review of one-year data.","volume":"34","author":"Ulugerger Avci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01511-6","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of clinical characteristics and intensive care treatment methods on the mortality of covid-19 patients aged 80 years and older.","volume":"21","author":"Oba","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2022.2052047","article-title":"The detrimental impact of elevated ferritin to Iron ratio on in-hospital prognosis of patients with COVID-19.","volume":"22","author":"Bianconi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S215","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-45133","article-title":"Thyroid, brain and mood modulation in affective disorder: insights from molecular research and functional brain imaging.","volume":"36","author":"Bauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry."},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nwh.2015.12.002","article-title":"Hypothyroidism in women.","volume":"20","author":"Dunn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nurs Womens Health."},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3280107776","article-title":"Iron levels in human retina: sex difference and increase with age.","volume":"17","author":"Hahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroreport."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.14.6.857","article-title":"Serum ferritin, sex hormones, and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women.","volume":"14","author":"Berge","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x-anp-2021-0059","article-title":"Evaluation of neurological disorders that develop concurrently with COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective analysis.","volume":"80","author":"Tasci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-001-1132-2","article-title":"The impact of delirium in the intensive care unit on hospital length of stay.","volume":"27","author":"Ely","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51509.x","article-title":"Does delirium increase hospital stay?","volume":"51","author":"McCusker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly154","article-title":"Delirium, dementia, and in-hospital mortality: the results from the Italian delirium day 2016, a national multicenter study.","volume":"74","author":"Morandi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S174807","article-title":"Mortality in people with dementia, delirium, and unspecified cognitive impairment in the general hospital: prospective cohort study of 6,724 patients with 2 years follow-up.","volume":"10","author":"Hapca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"B117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1159\/000140804","article-title":"High risk of cognitive and functional decline after postoperative delirium. A three year prospective study.","volume":"26","author":"Bickel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NERV.0000028080.39602.17","article-title":"The association between delirium and cognitive decline: a review of the empirical literature.","volume":"14","author":"Jackson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322010000300003","article-title":"Delirium in hospitalized elderly patients and post-discharge mortality.","volume":"65","author":"Lima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinics."},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-483","article-title":"Ferritin levels and risk of metabolic syndrome: meta-analysis of observational studies.","volume":"14","author":"Abril-Ulloa","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1035986\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T04:51:24Z","timestamp":1667969484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1035986\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"references-count":120,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1035986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1035986","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"article-number":"1035986"}}