{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T19:16:53Z","timestamp":1784575013510,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009331","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compulsive checking behavior is the most prevalent compulsive behavior in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). While some studies have shown that anxiety and executive function influence compulsive checking behavior, the relationship between these constructs is inconclusive. Hence, we sought to explore the interplay between executive function, anxiety and compulsive checking behavior.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>47 healthy participants (HC) and 51 patients with OCD participated in the study. Symptoms and emotional states were assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants also completed three tests of neuropsychological functioning: the Stop Signal Task, the Spatial working memory Task, and the Wisconsin card sorting test. We analyzed the relationships between anxiety, executive function, and compulsive checking symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with OCD showed significantly greater anxiety (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and impairments in visuospatial working memory function (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.030) compared to HC participants, while inhibition and set-shifting were not significantly different between the two groups. Visuospatial working memory was negatively related to compulsive checking behavior (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.016). Visuospatial working memory also played a moderating role in the positive relationship between anxiety and compulsive checking behavior (\u03b2 = \u22120.281, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.022).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anxiety symptoms play an important role in explaining compulsive checking behavior in patients with OCD who have relatively weak visuospatial working memory ability. These findings provide a foundation for further research regarding the roles of emotion and cognitive inflexibility in compulsive checking behavior in patients with OCD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1039849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T09:38:26Z","timestamp":1673257106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Visuospatial working memory capacity moderates the relationship between anxiety and OCD related checking behaviors"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pengchong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanqiang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanjiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153713","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: a critical review of the new diagnostic class.","volume":"11","author":"Abramowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.07.025","article-title":"Study of symptom dimensions and clinical characteristics in Chinese patients with OCD.","volume":"151","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.94","article-title":"The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the national comorbidity survey replication.","volume":"15","author":"Ruscio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670802653273","article-title":"Differences in neuropsychological performance between subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"43","author":"Nedeljkovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291713002730","article-title":"Differential role of visuospatial working memory in the propensity toward uncertainty in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and in healthy subjects.","volume":"44","author":"Lambrecq","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.06.004","article-title":"The role of working memory in compulsive checking and OCD: a systematic classification of 58 experimental findings.","volume":"31","author":"Harkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044689","article-title":"What checkers actually check: an eye tracking study of inhibitory control and working memory.","volume":"7","author":"Harkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.12.007","article-title":"Stop checking: repeated checking and its effects on response inhibition and doubt.","volume":"53","author":"Linkovski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101807","article-title":"Why check? A meta-analysis of checking in obsessive-compulsive disorder: threat vs. distrust of senses.","volume":"75","author":"Strauss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.046","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder: puzzles and prospects.","volume":"102","author":"Robbins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005-7967(01)00028-6","article-title":"A cognitive theory of compulsive checking.","volume":"40","author":"Rachman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.07.030","article-title":"Cognitive inflexibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"345","author":"Gruner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-0626-z","article-title":"Categorical and dimensional aspects of co-morbidity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).","volume":"17","author":"Ivarsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.014","article-title":"Clinical relevance of comorbidity in obsessive compulsive disorder: the Netherlands OCD Association study.","volume":"150","author":"Hofmeijer-Sevink","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.06.064","article-title":"What is at the core of OCD? A network analysis of selected obsessive-compulsive symptoms and beliefs.","volume":"257","author":"Olatunji","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.011","article-title":"Just let me check: the role of individual differences in self-reported anxiety and obsessive-compulsive features on subjective, behavioural, and physiological indices during a checking task.","volume":"179","author":"Wake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2022.100728","article-title":"The relationships among sleep problems, anxiety, memory complaints and compulsive checking behaviours.","volume":"34","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Obsessive Compuls Related Disord."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2020_198","article-title":"Cognitive Inflexibility in OCD and Related Disorders.","volume":"49","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.07.003","article-title":"Demystifying cognitive flexibility: implications for clinical and developmental neuroscience.","volume":"38","author":"Dajani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.08.001","article-title":"Distinct neuropsychological profiles of three major symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"187","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.04.003","article-title":"Hoping for more: how cognitive science has and hasn\u2019t been helpful to the OCD clinician.","volume":"69","author":"Ouimet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.12.016","article-title":"Neuropsychological differences between obsessive-compulsive washers and checkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"30","author":"Leopold","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_517_18","article-title":"Neurocognitive deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a selective review.","volume":"61","author":"Suhas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.114170","article-title":"Did i do that? Cognitive flexibility and self-agency in patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder.","volume":"304","author":"Giuliani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.06.007","article-title":"A cognitive model of pathological worry.","volume":"50","author":"Hirsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2019.04.002","article-title":"\u201cCold\u201d cognitive control and attentional symptoms in anxiety: perceptions versus performance.","volume":"50","author":"Hallion","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Ther."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000658","article-title":"A cognitive control framework for understanding emotion regulation flexibility.","volume":"20","author":"Pruessner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emotion."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2012.01358.x","article-title":"Describing the interplay between anxiety and cognition: from impaired performance under low cognitive load to reduced anxiety under high load.","volume":"49","author":"Vytal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychophysiology."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939208409696","article-title":"Anxiety and performance: the processing efficiency theory.","volume":"6","author":"Eysenck","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cogn Emot."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.6.1.40","article-title":"Anxiety selectively disrupts visuospatial working memory.","volume":"6","author":"Shackman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emotion."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2019.1601748","article-title":"Anxiety and depression aggravate impulsiveness: the mediating and moderating role of cognitive flexibility.","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008","article-title":"The yale-brown obsessive compulsive scale. II. Validity.","volume":"46","author":"Goodman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"B33","first-page":"205","article-title":"Study on clinical reliability and validity of Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale.","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.14.4.485","article-title":"The obsessive-compulsive inventory: development and validation of a short version.","volume":"14","author":"Foa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244x-11-129","article-title":"The Chinese version of the obsessive-compulsive inventory-revised scale: replication and extension to non-clinical and clinical individuals with OCD symptoms.","volume":"11","author":"Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(88)90050-5","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the beck depression inventory - 25 years of evaluation.","volume":"8","author":"Beck","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-6729.2011.06.014","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of beck depression inventory-II among depression patients.","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1005-3611.2002.01.002","article-title":"A study of psychometric properties, normative scores and factor structure of beck anxiety inventory chinese version.","volume":"10","author":"Kin-Wing","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chinese J Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B39","first-page":"p. 189","article-title":"On the ability to inhibit thought and action: a users\u2019 guide to the stop signal paradigm.","author":"Logan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Inhibitory Processes in Attention, Memory, and Language."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(90)90137-d","article-title":"Planning and spatial working memory following frontal lobe lesions in man.","volume":"28","author":"Owen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia."},{"key":"B41","author":"Heaton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Wisconsin Card Sorting Test\u2122: Computer Version 4, Research Edition."},{"key":"B42","author":"Lenhard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computation of Effect Sizes"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291713001803","article-title":"Cognitive functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis.","volume":"44","author":"Shin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614534210","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with broad impairments in executive function: a meta-analysis.","volume":"3","author":"Snyder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.03.048","article-title":"Examining procedural working memory processing in obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"253","author":"Shahar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11020267","article-title":"Executive functioning and clinical variables in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"11","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Esparza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-013-0357-4","article-title":"Recent advances in research on cognition and emotion in OCD: a review.","volume":"15","author":"Calkins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2011.07.001","article-title":"Forgetting what you have checked: a link between working memory impairment and checking behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"28","author":"Jaafari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2626(03)00274-4","article-title":"The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in normally developing compulsive-like behaviors and obsessive\u00c4\u00eccompulsive disorder.","volume":"55","author":"Evans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000051","article-title":"Anxiety and working memory capacity: a meta-analysis and narrative review.","volume":"142","author":"Moran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Bull."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00093","article-title":"The complex interaction between anxiety and cognition: insight from spatial and verbal working memory.","volume":"7","author":"Vytal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.2.336","article-title":"Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory.","volume":"7","author":"Eysenck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq153","article-title":"Orbitofrontal contributions to human working memory.","volume":"21","author":"Barbey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2004.03.007","article-title":"Amygdala-frontal interactions and reward expectancy.","volume":"14","author":"Holland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.11.014","article-title":"Impulsivity, compulsivity, and habit: the role of orbitofrontal cortex revisited.","volume":"63","author":"Torregrossa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2020.1736899","article-title":"Anxiety and apprehension in visual working memory performance: no change to capacity, but poorer distractor filtering.","volume":"33","author":"Berggren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.12.004","article-title":"Distracted and confused?: selective attention under load.","volume":"9","author":"Lavie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013345","article-title":"Working memory capacity and the self-regulation of emotional expression and experience.","volume":"95","author":"Schmeichel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-017-9788-6","article-title":"Neural correlates of reappraisal considering working memory capacity and cognitive flexibility.","volume":"12","author":"Zaehringer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2020.1811875","article-title":"The memory deficit hypothesis of compulsive checking in OCD: what are we really talking about? A narrative review.","volume":"28","author":"Kalenzaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Memory."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739","article-title":"Emotion regulation and psychopathology.","volume":"11","author":"Sheppes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2018.1544888","article-title":"The role of spatial store and executive strategy in spatial working memory: a comparison between patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and controls.","volume":"24","author":"Perna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cogn Neuropsychiatry."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121702","article-title":"Training improves the capacity of visual working memory when it is adaptive, individualized, and targeted.","volume":"10","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.06.007","article-title":"Successful training of filtering mechanisms in multiple object tracking does not transfer to filtering mechanisms in a visual working memory task: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence.","volume":"50","author":"Arend","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1039849\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T09:38:38Z","timestamp":1673257118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1039849\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1039849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1039849","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]]},"article-number":"1039849"}}