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Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As a group, individuals with functional neurological disorder (FND) report an approximately 3-fold increase in adverse life experiences (ALEs) compared to healthy controls. In patients with FND, studies have identified a positive correlation between symptom severity and the magnitude of ALEs. While not all individuals with FND report ALEs, such findings raise the possibility of a trauma-subtype of FND.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated if patients with FND, with or without probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and\/or significant childhood maltreatment, differed in their symptom severity and physical health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy-eight patients with FND were recruited (functional seizures,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 34; functional movement disorder,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 56). Participants completed self-report measures of symptom severity [Somatoform Dissociation Questionniare-20 (SDQ-20), Screening for Somatoform Disorders: Conversion Disorder subscale (SOMS:CD), Patient Health Questionniare-15 (PHQ-15)], physical health [Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF36-physical health)], childhood maltreatment [Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)], and PTSD [PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5)]; a psychometric battery of other common predisposing vulnerabilities was also completed. To adjust for multiple comparisons, a Bonferroni correction was applied to all univariate analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with FND and probable PTSD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 33) vs. those without probable PTSD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 43) had statistically significant increased scores on all symptom severity measures \u2013 as well as decreased physical health scores. In secondary\n                      <jats:italic>post-hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      regression analyses, these findings remained significant adjusting for age, sex, race, college education, and: pathological dissociation; alexithymia; attachment styles; personality characteristics; resilience scores; functional seizures subtype; or moderate-to-severe childhood abuse and neglect scores; SOMS:CD and SDQ-20 findings also held adjusting for depression and anxiety scores. In a separate set of analyses, patients with FND and moderate-to-severe childhood abuse (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 46) vs. those without moderate-to-severe childhood abuse (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 32) showed statistically significant increased SDQ-20 and PHQ-15 scores; in\n                      <jats:italic>post-hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      regressions, these findings held adjusting for demographic and other variables. Stratification by childhood neglect did not relate to symptom severity or physical health scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides support for a possible trauma-subtype of FND. Future research should investigate the neurobiological and treatment relevance of a FND trauma-subtype, as well as continuing to delineate clinical characteristics and mechanisms in individuals with FND that lack a history of ALEs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1040911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T03:45:21Z","timestamp":1668483921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Toward a possible trauma subtype of functional neurological disorder: impact on symptom severity and physical health"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Paredes-Echeverri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew 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